Abstract
Aims: This study aimed to optimize the levels of gibberellic acid (GA3) and plant spacing on growth and yield of lettuce. Study Design: The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Place and Duration of Study: Horticulture farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, from November 2013 to January 2014. Methodology: The experiment consisted of two factors. Factor A- two levels of gibberellic acid (GA3,) application, viz. G1= 25 ppm and G2= 50 ppm in relation to a control G0 and factor B- four plant spacing viz. S1=15cm x 15cm, S2=20 cm x 20 cm, S3=25 cm x 25 cm and S4=30 cm x 30 cm. GA3 was applied twice as a foliar application by hand sprayer at 20 and 30 days after sowing. First, second and final harvesting was done at 25, 35 and 45 days after sowing respectively. Results: The growth and yield characters of lettuce showed significant variation for different levels of GA3 and plant spacing. Among GA3 levels, 25 ppm GA3 produced the maximum number of leaves (15.6), leaf area (283.9 cm2), fresh weight (91.6 g plant-1), dry weight (11.8 g plant-1), fresh yield (1794 g plot-1) and gross yield (12 t ha-1) at final harvesting compared to control where GA3 was not used. Under plant spacing, highest plant height (17.5 cm), leaf area (281.1 cm2), fresh weight (99.1 g plant-1) and dry weight (12.1 g plant-1) was revealed from wider spacing 30 cm x 30 cm followed by optimum spacing 25cm x 25cm. Meanwhile, closure spacing 15 cm x 15 cm showed maximum fresh yield (1710 g plant-1) and gross yield (15.5 t ha-1) due to higher plant density at final harvesting. Besides, lower chlorophyll content (0.43%) and the highest number of leaves (16.2) was found from 25 cm x 25 cm at final harvesting. So, optimum spacing 25 cm x 25 cm would be more suitable considering different points of view. Moreover, the treatment combinations 25 ppm GA3 with 25 cm x 25 cm exhibited highest benefit-cost ratio (2.04) than other treatments. Conclusions: It is concluded that the combinations 25 ppm GA3 application with 25cm x 25cm spacing would be optimum for better growth and yield of lettuce
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
At final harvest, 25 ppm GA3 gave maximum number of leaves (15.6) compared with no GA3.
- Taxon
- Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)
Lactuca sativat0 - Treatment
- 25 ppm GA3e0
- Outcome
- number of leavese0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 15.6e0
- Qualifier
- at final harvestinge0
- Comparator
- control where GA3 was not usede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among GA3 levels, 25 ppm GA3 produced the maximum number of leaves (15.6), leaf area (283.9 cm2), fresh weight (91.6 g plant-1), dry weight (11.8 g plant-1), fresh yield (1794 g plot-1) and gross yield (12 t ha-1) at final harvesting compared to control where GA3 was not used.”
t0“Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At final harvest, 25 ppm GA3 gave maximum leaf area (283.9 cm2) compared with no GA3.
- Taxon
- Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)Lactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- 25 ppm GA3e0
- Outcome
- leaf areae0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 283.9 cm2e0
- Qualifier
- at final harvestinge0
- Comparator
- control where GA3 was not usede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among GA3 levels, 25 ppm GA3 produced the maximum number of leaves (15.6), leaf area (283.9 cm2), fresh weight (91.6 g plant-1), dry weight (11.8 g plant-1), fresh yield (1794 g plot-1) and gross yield (12 t ha-1) at final harvesting compared to control where GA3 was not used.”
t0“Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At final harvest, 25 ppm GA3 gave maximum fresh weight (91.6 g plant-1) compared with no GA3.
- Taxon
- Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)Lactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- 25 ppm GA3e0
- Outcome
- fresh weighte0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 91.6 g plant-1e0
- Qualifier
- at final harvestinge0
- Comparator
- control where GA3 was not usede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among GA3 levels, 25 ppm GA3 produced the maximum number of leaves (15.6), leaf area (283.9 cm2), fresh weight (91.6 g plant-1), dry weight (11.8 g plant-1), fresh yield (1794 g plot-1) and gross yield (12 t ha-1) at final harvesting compared to control where GA3 was not used.”
t0“Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At final harvest, 25 ppm GA3 gave maximum dry weight (11.8 g plant-1) compared with no GA3.
- Taxon
- Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)Lactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- 25 ppm GA3e0
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 11.8 g plant-1e0
- Qualifier
- at final harvestinge0
- Comparator
- control where GA3 was not usede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among GA3 levels, 25 ppm GA3 produced the maximum number of leaves (15.6), leaf area (283.9 cm2), fresh weight (91.6 g plant-1), dry weight (11.8 g plant-1), fresh yield (1794 g plot-1) and gross yield (12 t ha-1) at final harvesting compared to control where GA3 was not used.”
t0“Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At final harvest, 25 ppm GA3 gave maximum fresh yield (1794 g plot-1) compared with no GA3.
- Taxon
- Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)Lactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- 25 ppm GA3e0
- Outcome
- fresh yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 1794 g plot-1e0
- Qualifier
- at final harvestinge0
- Comparator
- control where GA3 was not usede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among GA3 levels, 25 ppm GA3 produced the maximum number of leaves (15.6), leaf area (283.9 cm2), fresh weight (91.6 g plant-1), dry weight (11.8 g plant-1), fresh yield (1794 g plot-1) and gross yield (12 t ha-1) at final harvesting compared to control where GA3 was not used.”
t0“Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At final harvest, 25 ppm GA3 gave maximum gross yield (12 t ha-1) compared with no GA3.
- Taxon
- Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)Lactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- 25 ppm GA3e0
- Outcome
- gross yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 12 t ha-1e0
- Qualifier
- at final harvestinge0
- Comparator
- control where GA3 was not usede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among GA3 levels, 25 ppm GA3 produced the maximum number of leaves (15.6), leaf area (283.9 cm2), fresh weight (91.6 g plant-1), dry weight (11.8 g plant-1), fresh yield (1794 g plot-1) and gross yield (12 t ha-1) at final harvesting compared to control where GA3 was not used.”
t0“Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 30 cm x 30 cm spacing gave the highest plant height (17.5 cm), followed by 25 cm x 25 cm.
- Taxon
- Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)Lactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- 30 cm x 30 cme0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 17.5 cme0
- Comparator
- 25cm x 25cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under plant spacing, highest plant height (17.5 cm), leaf area (281.1 cm2), fresh weight (99.1 g plant-1) and dry weight (12.1 g plant-1) was revealed from wider spacing 30 cm x 30 cm followed by optimum spacing 25cm x 25cm.”
t0“Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 30 cm x 30 cm spacing gave the highest leaf area (281.1 cm2), followed by 25 cm x 25 cm.
- Taxon
- Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)Lactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- 30 cm x 30 cme0
- Outcome
- leaf areae0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 281.1 cm2e0
- Comparator
- 25cm x 25cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under plant spacing, highest plant height (17.5 cm), leaf area (281.1 cm2), fresh weight (99.1 g plant-1) and dry weight (12.1 g plant-1) was revealed from wider spacing 30 cm x 30 cm followed by optimum spacing 25cm x 25cm.”
t0“Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 30 cm x 30 cm spacing gave the highest fresh weight (99.1 g plant-1), followed by 25 cm x 25 cm.
- Taxon
- Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)Lactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- 30 cm x 30 cme0
- Outcome
- fresh weighte0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 99.1 g plant-1e0
- Comparator
- 25cm x 25cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under plant spacing, highest plant height (17.5 cm), leaf area (281.1 cm2), fresh weight (99.1 g plant-1) and dry weight (12.1 g plant-1) was revealed from wider spacing 30 cm x 30 cm followed by optimum spacing 25cm x 25cm.”
t0“Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 30 cm x 30 cm spacing gave the highest dry weight (12.1 g plant-1), followed by 25 cm x 25 cm.
- Taxon
- Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)Lactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- 30 cm x 30 cme0
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 12.1 g plant-1e0
- Comparator
- 25cm x 25cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under plant spacing, highest plant height (17.5 cm), leaf area (281.1 cm2), fresh weight (99.1 g plant-1) and dry weight (12.1 g plant-1) was revealed from wider spacing 30 cm x 30 cm followed by optimum spacing 25cm x 25cm.”
t0“Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At final harvest, 15 cm x 15 cm spacing gave maximum fresh yield (1710 g plant-1).
- Taxon
- Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)Lactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- 15 cm x 15 cme0
- Outcome
- fresh yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 1710 g plant-1e0
- Qualifier
- at final harvestinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Meanwhile, closure spacing 15 cm x 15 cm showed maximum fresh yield (1710 g plant-1) and gross yield (15.5 t ha-1) due to higher plant density at final harvesting.”
t0“Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At final harvest, 15 cm x 15 cm spacing gave maximum gross yield (15.5 t ha-1).
- Taxon
- Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)Lactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- 15 cm x 15 cme0
- Outcome
- gross yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 15.5 t ha-1e0
- Qualifier
- at final harvestinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Meanwhile, closure spacing 15 cm x 15 cm showed maximum fresh yield (1710 g plant-1) and gross yield (15.5 t ha-1) due to higher plant density at final harvesting.”
t0“Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At final harvest, 25 cm x 25 cm spacing had lower chlorophyll content (0.43%).
- Taxon
- Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)Lactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- 25 cm x 25 cme0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 0.43%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Besides, lower chlorophyll content (0.43%) and the highest number of leaves (16.2) was found from 25 cm x 25 cm at final harvesting.”
t0“Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At final harvest, 25 cm x 25 cm spacing had the highest number of leaves (16.2).
- Taxon
- Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)Lactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- 25 cm x 25 cme0
- Outcome
- number of leavese0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 16.2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Besides, lower chlorophyll content (0.43%) and the highest number of leaves (16.2) was found from 25 cm x 25 cm at final harvesting.”
t0“Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 25 ppm GA3 and 25 cm x 25 cm combination gave the highest benefit-cost ratio (2.04).
- Taxon
- Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)Lactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- 25 ppm GA3 with 25 cm x 25 cme0
- Outcome
- benefit-cost ratioe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 2.04e0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moreover, the treatment combinations 25 ppm GA3 with 25 cm x 25 cm exhibited highest benefit-cost ratio (2.04) than other treatments.”
t0“Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 25 ppm GA3 with 25 cm x 25 cm spacing for lettuce growth and yield.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- 25 ppm GA3 application with 25cm x 25cm spacinge0
- Outcome
- optimum for better growth and yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It is concluded that the combinations 25 ppm GA3 application with 25cm x 25cm spacing would be optimum for better growth and yield of lettuce”
The same questions in other papers
Gibberellic acid · yield · Lactuca sativa (garden lettuce)Results differ
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- no effect
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.