Abstract
Abstract Background and objectives There are no published data on the effect of sowing rate on rice grain quality traits of medium‐ and short‐grain cultivars within the Australian environment. Studies that have reported on the impact of sowing rate on grain quality in other rice growing regions have assessed differences between densities below 100 plants/m 2 , which is the minimum target for Australian grown rice. Furthermore, the cultivars evaluated were long‐grain cultivars only. The effect of sowing rate (25–150 kg/ha) on the quality traits of a short (YRK5)‐ and medium (Viand)‐grain rice cultivar was investigated over two seasons. Nitrogen (N) application was included in the study as the appropriate combination of sowing and N rate for maximum yield for both cultivars was unknown. Findings Sowing and N rate affected the number of grains per panicle and plants established per m 2 of both cultivars; however, changes in these parameters did not affect crop yield. The number of grains per panicle affected thousand‐grain weight (TGW) and head rice yield (HRY; the percentage of grain that remains whole or at least 75% of the original length after milling), and the response differed between cultivars. Decreasing sowing rate increased the number of grains per panicle, reduced grain length and TGW, and slightly increased HRY in Viand. In YRK5, decreased sowing rate increased TGW and in season two reduced HRY. Protein content was negatively correlated with TGW and positively correlated with HRY. There were no consistent differences in the physicochemical and cooking parameters between densities over both seasons in both cultivars. Conclusion These results indicate that plant density has an indirect effect on milling quality by influencing TGW, which affected total protein content, and thus, HRY and the response differ between cultivars. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that within a population of 18 to 231 plants/m 2 at establishment, the physicochemical and cooking parameters are not affected by sowing rate. Significance and novelty This study is the first to analyze the grain physicochemical and cooking quality parameters at densities above 100 plants/m 2 and evaluate the effect of sowing rate on the grain quality of differing grain types within Australia. Comparisons between the low (50–70 kg/ha) and standard sowing rate (130–150 kg/ha) revealed no difference in HRY, and these results are important to farmers and demonstrate a reduction in plant density due to poor establishment, environmental or bird damage does not affect crop yield or grain quality and thus their economic return.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Sowing and N rates affected grains per panicle and established plants per square metre.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- Sowing and N ratee0
- Outcome
- number of grains per panicle and plants established per m 2e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sowing and N rate affected the number of grains per panicle and plants established per m 2 of both cultivars”
t0“rice grain quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Changes in grains per panicle and established plant density did not affect crop yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Sowing and N ratee1
- Outcome
- crop yielde0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
- Qualifier
- changes in these parameterse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“changes in these parameters did not affect crop yield.”
e1“Sowing and N rate affected the number of grains per panicle and plants established per m 2”
t0“rice grain quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Grains per panicle affected thousand-grain weight and head rice yield differently between cultivars.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- grains per paniclee0
- Outcome
- thousand‐grain weight (TGW) and head rice yield (HRYe0
- Qualifier
- response differed between cultivarse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The number of grains per panicle affected thousand‐grain weight (TGW) and head rice yield (HRY; the percentage of grain that remains whole or at least 75% of the original length after milling), and the response differed between cultivars.”
t0“rice grain quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower sowing rate increased grains per panicle in Viand.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Viande0
- Treatment
- Decreasing sowing ratee0
- Outcome
- number of grains per paniclee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Decreasing sowing rate increased the number of grains per panicle, reduced grain length and TGW, and slightly increased HRY in Viand.”
t0“rice grain quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower sowing rate reduced grain length and TGW in Viand.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Viande0
- Treatment
- Decreasing sowing ratee0
- Outcome
- grain length and TGWe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Decreasing sowing rate increased the number of grains per panicle, reduced grain length and TGW, and slightly increased HRY in Viand.”
t0“rice grain quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower sowing rate slightly increased HRY in Viand.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Viande0
- Treatment
- Decreasing sowing ratee0
- Outcome
- HRYe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- slightlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Decreasing sowing rate increased the number of grains per panicle, reduced grain length and TGW, and slightly increased HRY in Viand.”
t0“rice grain quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower sowing rate increased TGW in YRK5.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- YRK5e0
- Treatment
- decreased sowing ratee0
- Outcome
- TGWe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In YRK5, decreased sowing rate increased TGW and in season two reduced HRY.”
t0“rice grain quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower sowing rate reduced HRY in YRK5 during season two.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- YRK5e0
- Treatment
- decreased sowing ratee0
- Outcome
- HRYe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- in season twoe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In YRK5, decreased sowing rate increased TGW and in season two reduced HRY.”
t0“rice grain quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein content was negatively correlated with TGW.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- Protein contente0
- Direction
- negatively correlatede0
- Comparator
- TGWe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Protein content was negatively correlated with TGW”
t0“rice grain quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein content was positively correlated with HRY.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- Protein contente0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
- Comparator
- HRYe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Protein content was negatively correlated with TGW and positively correlated with HRY.”
t0“rice grain quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Physicochemical and cooking parameters showed no consistent density differences across seasons and cultivars.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- densitiese0
- Outcome
- physicochemical and cooking parameterse0
- Direction
- no consistent differencese0
- Qualifier
- over both seasons in both cultivarse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were no consistent differences in the physicochemical and cooking parameters between densities over both seasons in both cultivars.”
t0“rice grain quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Low and standard sowing rates did not differ in head rice yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- low (50–70 kg/ha)e0
- Outcome
- HRYe0
- Direction
- no differencee0
- Comparator
- standard sowing rate (130–150 kg/ha)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Comparisons between the low (50–70 kg/ha) and standard sowing rate (130–150 kg/ha) revealed no difference in HRY”
t0“rice grain quality”
The same questions in other papers
density · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
329 papers in the same direction as this paper · 58 in the opposite direction · 7 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- positive
391 papers more in this group
See all 395 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.