Abstract
The relation between agriculture and energy is very close, agricultural sector itself is an energy user and energy supplier in the form of bio-energy. An experiment was conducted during kharif 2013 and 2014 with six weed management and three seed rates in Inceptisols in strip plot design. Rice variety MTU 1010 was taken as test crop. Result reveled that traditional beushening method proved significantly superior seed yield over other weed management practices (52.5 q ha-1) was at par with the hand weeding twice (50.8 q ha-1) and sequential application pre -emergence oxadiargyl 70 g ha-1fb bispyribac Na @20 g ha-1 at 25 DAS (50.2 q ha-1).Input energy was highest in biasi method (12.2 MJX103) followed by the hand weeding (11.9 MJX103). However, the weed management through herbicides shows low input energy as compared to the biasi method and hand weeding. The input energy was high in combine harvester as compared to manual harvesting system. Maximum output energy was recorded under the biasi method (152.7 MJX103) which was statistically superior over all the treatments. During the investigation seed rate does not influence the output energy and almost similar output energy was produced by the 120, 80 and 40 kg ha-1 seed rate. The maximum energy use efficiency (9.6) was recorded in withpre–emergence application of oxadiargyl 70 g ha-1fbbispyribac Na @20 g ha-1 at 25 DASon mean basis. Efficiency of harvesting through harvester was less as compared to the manual harvesting but the difference was very marginal in both the years. However, harvester reduces the human energy in rice production system and promotes the timely operation. Energy productivity (.44kg MJ ha-1) was recorded maximum in pre -emergence application oxadiargyl 70 g ha-1 fb bispyribac Na @20 g ha-1 at 25 DAS treatment which was at par with biasi method and hand weeding and other chemical control method. High energy productivity in combine harvester reveals the production of more yields per hectare by the expenditure of input energy, although the output input ratio and energy use efficiency was high in manual harvesting method.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Traditional beushening method gave significantly superior seed yield (52.5 q ha-1) compared with other weed management practices.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- traditional beushening methode1
- Outcome
- seed yielde1
- Direction
- superiore1
- Value
- 52.5 q ha-1e1
- Comparator
- other weed management practicese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“direct seeded rice production system”
e1“traditional beushening method proved significantly superior seed yield over other weed management practices (52.5 q ha-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed yield under hand weeding twice (50.8 q ha-1) was at par with the traditional beushening method.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- hand weeding twicee1
- Outcome
- seed yielde1
- Direction
- at pare1
- Value
- 50.8 q ha-1e1
- Comparator
- traditional beushening methode1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“direct seeded rice production system”
e1“traditional beushening method proved significantly superior seed yield over other weed management practices (52.5 q ha-1) was at par with the hand weeding twice (50.8 q ha-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed yield under sequential pre-emergence oxadiargyl fb bispyribac at 25 DAS (50.2 q ha-1) was at par with the traditional beushening method.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- sequential application pre -emergence oxadiargyl 70 g ha-1fb bispyribac Na @20 g ha-1 at 25 DASe1
- Outcome
- seed yielde1
- Direction
- at pare1
- Value
- 50.2 q ha-1e1
- Comparator
- traditional beushening methode1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“direct seeded rice production system”
e1“traditional beushening method proved significantly superior seed yield over other weed management practices (52.5 q ha-1) was at par with the hand weeding twice (50.8 q ha-1) and sequential application pre -emergence oxadiargyl 70 g ha-1fb bispyribac Na @20 g ha-1 at 25 DAS (50.2 q ha-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Input energy was highest under the biasi method (12.2 MJX103).
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- biasi methode1
- Outcome
- Input energye1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 12.2 MJX103e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“direct seeded rice production system”
e1“Input energy was highest in biasi method (12.2 MJX103)”
Claim · model-written summary
Input energy under hand weeding was 11.9 MJX103, second to the biasi method.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- hand weedinge1
- Outcome
- Input energye1
- Value
- 11.9 MJX103e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“direct seeded rice production system”
e1“Input energy was highest in biasi method (12.2 MJX103) followed by the hand weeding (11.9 MJX103)”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide weed management showed low input energy compared with the biasi method and hand weeding.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- weed management through herbicidese1
- Outcome
- input energye1
- Direction
- lowe1
- Comparator
- biasi method and hand weedinge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“direct seeded rice production system”
e1“the weed management through herbicides shows low input energy as compared to the biasi method and hand weeding”
Claim · model-written summary
Input energy was high with the combine harvester compared with manual harvesting.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- combine harvestere1
- Outcome
- input energye1
- Direction
- highe1
- Comparator
- manual harvesting systeme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“direct seeded rice production system”
e1“The input energy was high in combine harvester as compared to manual harvesting system”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum output energy (152.7 MJX103) was recorded under the biasi method, statistically superior to all other treatments.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- biasi methode1
- Outcome
- output energye1
- Direction
- Maximume1
- Value
- 152.7 MJX103e1
- Comparator
- all the treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“direct seeded rice production system”
e1“Maximum output energy was recorded under the biasi method (152.7 MJX103) which was statistically superior over all the treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed rate did not influence output energy; 120, 80 and 40 kg ha-1 seed rates gave almost similar output energy.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- seed ratee1
- Outcome
- output energye1
- Direction
- does not influencee1
- Qualifier
- almost similar output energye2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“direct seeded rice production system”
e1“During the investigation seed rate does not influence the output energy”
e2“almost similar output energy was produced by the 120, 80 and 40 kg ha-1 seed rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum energy use efficiency (9.6) was recorded with pre-emergence oxadiargyl fb bispyribac at 25 DAS on mean basis.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- oxadiargyl 70 g ha-1fbbispyribac Na @20 g ha-1 at 25 DASe1
- Outcome
- energy use efficiencye1
- Direction
- maximume1
- Value
- 9.6e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“direct seeded rice production system”
e1“The maximum energy use efficiency (9.6) was recorded in withpre–emergence application of oxadiargyl 70 g ha-1fbbispyribac Na @20 g ha-1 at 25 DASon mean basis”
Claim · model-written summary
Harvesting efficiency through the harvester was less than manual harvesting, but the difference was very marginal in both years.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- harvesting through harvestere1
- Outcome
- Efficiency of harvestinge1
- Direction
- lesse1
- Qualifier
- the difference was very marginal in both the yearse1
- Comparator
- manual harvestinge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“direct seeded rice production system”
e1“Efficiency of harvesting through harvester was less as compared to the manual harvesting but the difference was very marginal in both the years”
Claim · model-written summary
The harvester reduced human energy in the rice production system.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- harvestere1
- Outcome
- human energye1
- Direction
- reducese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“direct seeded rice production system”
e1“However, harvester reduces the human energy in rice production system and promotes the timely operation”
Claim · model-written summary
The harvester promoted timely operation in rice production.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- harvestere1
- Outcome
- timely operatione1
- Direction
- promotese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“direct seeded rice production system”
e1“However, harvester reduces the human energy in rice production system and promotes the timely operation”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum energy productivity (.44 kg MJ ha-1) was recorded with pre-emergence oxadiargyl fb bispyribac at 25 DAS.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- pre -emergence application oxadiargyl 70 g ha-1 fb bispyribac Na @20 g ha-1 at 25 DASe1
- Outcome
- Energy productivitye1
- Direction
- maximume1
- Value
- .44kg MJ ha-1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“direct seeded rice production system”
e1“Energy productivity (.44kg MJ ha-1) was recorded maximum in pre -emergence application oxadiargyl 70 g ha-1 fb bispyribac Na @20 g ha-1 at 25 DAS treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Energy productivity with pre-emergence oxadiargyl fb bispyribac at 25 DAS was at par with the biasi method and hand weeding.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- pre -emergence application oxadiargyl 70 g ha-1 fb bispyribac Na @20 g ha-1 at 25 DASe1
- Outcome
- Energy productivitye1
- Direction
- at pare1
- Comparator
- biasi method and hand weedinge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“direct seeded rice production system”
e1“Energy productivity (.44kg MJ ha-1) was recorded maximum in pre -emergence application oxadiargyl 70 g ha-1 fb bispyribac Na @20 g ha-1 at 25 DAS treatment which was at par with biasi method and hand weeding”
Claim · model-written summary
Combine harvester energy productivity is high, reflecting more yield per hectare for the input energy spent.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- combine harvestere1
- Outcome
- energy productivitye1
- Qualifier
- production of more yields per hectare by the expenditure of input energye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“direct seeded rice production system”
e1“High energy productivity in combine harvester reveals the production of more yields per hectare by the expenditure of input energy”
Claim · model-written summary
Output input ratio and energy use efficiency were high in the manual harvesting method.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- manual harvesting methode1
- Outcome
- output input ratio and energy use efficiencye1
- Direction
- highe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“direct seeded rice production system”
e1“although the output input ratio and energy use efficiency was high in manual harvesting method”
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