Abstract
Industrialized tomato production faces a decrease in flavors and nutritional value due to conventional breeding. Moreover, tomato production heavily relies on nitrogen and phosphate fertilization. Phosphate uptake and improvement of fruit quality by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are well-studied. We addressed the question of whether commercially used tomato cultivars grown in a hydroponic system can be mycorrhizal, leading to improved fruit quality. Tomato plants inoculated with Rhizophagus irregularis were grown under different phosphate concentrations and in substrates used in industrial tomato production. Changes in fruit gene expression and metabolite levels were checked by RNAseq and metabolite determination, respectively. The tests revealed that reduction of phosphate to 80% and use of mixed substrate allow AM establishment without affecting yield. By comparing green fruits from non-mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal plants, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found to possibly be involved in processes regulating fruit maturation and nutrition. Red fruits from mycorrhizal plants showed a trend of higher BRIX values and increased levels of carotenoids in comparison to those from non-mycorrhizal plants. Free amino acids exhibited up to four times higher levels in red fruits due to AM, showing the potential of mycorrhization to increase the nutritional value of tomatoes in industrialized production.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced phosphate to 80% allowed AM establishment.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Treatment
- reduction of phosphate to 80%e0
- Interactor
- Rhizophagus irregularis
Rhizophagus irregularise1symbiont - Outcome
- AM establishmente0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The tests revealed that reduction of phosphate to 80% and use of mixed substrate allow AM establishment without affecting yield.”
e1“Tomato plants inoculated with Rhizophagus irregularis were grown under different phosphate concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixed substrate allowed AM establishment.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- use of mixed substratee0
- Interactor
- Rhizophagus irregularisRhizophagus irregularise1symbiont
- Outcome
- AM establishmente0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The tests revealed that reduction of phosphate to 80% and use of mixed substrate allow AM establishment without affecting yield.”
e1“Tomato plants inoculated with Rhizophagus irregularis were grown under different phosphate concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
reduction of phosphate to 80% did not affect tomato yield.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- reduction of phosphate to 80%e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- without affectinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The tests revealed that reduction of phosphate to 80% and use of mixed substrate allow AM establishment without affecting yield.”
e1“Tomato plants inoculated with Rhizophagus irregularis were grown under different phosphate concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
use of mixed substrate did not affect tomato yield.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- use of mixed substratee0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- without affectinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The tests revealed that reduction of phosphate to 80% and use of mixed substrate allow AM establishment without affecting yield.”
e1“Tomato plants inoculated with Rhizophagus irregularis were grown under different phosphate concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
Green fruits of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants had differentially expressed genes possibly involved in maturation and nutrition.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Organ / stage
- green fruitse0
- Gene
- differentially expressed genes (DEGs)e0
- Outcome
- differentially expressed genes (DEGs)e0
- Qualifier
- possibly be involved in processes regulating fruit maturation and nutritione0
- Comparator
- non-mycorrhizale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“By comparing green fruits from non-mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal plants, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found to possibly be involved in processes regulating fruit maturation and nutrition.”
e1“Tomato plants inoculated with Rhizophagus irregularis”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal red fruits had higher BRIX values than non-mycorrhizal fruits.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Organ / stage
- Red fruitse0
- Treatment
- mycorrhizal plantse0
- Interactor
- Rhizophagus irregularisRhizophagus irregularise1symbiont
- Outcome
- BRIX valuese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- trende0
- Comparator
- non-mycorrhizal plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Red fruits from mycorrhizal plants showed a trend of higher BRIX values and increased levels of carotenoids in comparison to those from non-mycorrhizal plants.”
e1“Tomato plants inoculated with Rhizophagus irregularis”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal red fruits had increased levels of carotenoids than non-mycorrhizal fruits.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Organ / stage
- Red fruitse0
- Treatment
- mycorrhizal plantse0
- Interactor
- Rhizophagus irregularisRhizophagus irregularise1symbiont
- Outcome
- levels of carotenoidse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- non-mycorrhizal plantse0
Not reportedQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Red fruits from mycorrhizal plants showed a trend of higher BRIX values and increased levels of carotenoids in comparison to those from non-mycorrhizal plants.”
e1“Tomato plants inoculated with Rhizophagus irregularis”
Claim · model-written summary
AM red fruits had up to four times higher free amino acid levels.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- red fruitse0
- Treatment
- AMe0
- Interactor
- Rhizophagus irregularisRhizophagus irregularise1symbiont
- Outcome
- Free amino acidse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- up to four timese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Free amino acids exhibited up to four times higher levels in red fruits due to AM, showing the potential of mycorrhization to increase the nutritional value of tomatoes in industrialized production.”
e1“Tomato plants inoculated with Rhizophagus irregularis”
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See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.