Abstract
Field evaluation of an auto-rotate gun sprayer and comparison with a knapsack sprayer was carried out to control whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) in the cotton crop. Two experiments were conducted at six locations of farmers' fields in southwestern (cotton-growing region) of Punjab state. The number of adult whiteflies was counted before and 3, 7 and 10 days after spray. Water-sensitive papers were attached at upper and under side of the leaves at three different points (top, middle and bottom) of plant canopy to find sprayers performance parameters, viz. droplet diameter, droplet density, per cent area covered and volume of spray deposition. Droplet density, area covered and volume of spray deposition were found significantly higher in case of the auto-rotate gun sprayer as compared to that of a knapsack sprayer. However, the volume median diameter of droplets was found significantly lesser in case of an auto-rotate gun sprayer, i.e. 286.95 µm as compared to the knapsack sprayer, i.e. 347.85 µm. The per cent whitefly control in the cotton crop in first experiment was found as 68.06 % and 65.90 % for auto-rotate gun and knapsack sprayer, respectively, by using pyriproxyfen 100 g active ingredient (g a.i.)/ha. Although in the second experiment the per cent whitefly control for auto-rotate gun sprayer was significantly higher, i.e. 83.27 % as compared to knapsack sprayer having 70.87 % control by using flonicamid 75 g a.i./ha. However, the bio-efficacy of auto-rotate gun sprayer was found higher for the both experiments as compared to the knapsack sprayer. The cost of operation of the auto-rotate gun sprayer was found to be US$4.11/ha as compared to knapsack sprayer with $6.85/ha. The cost, labour and time-saving in the spraying with the auto-rotate gun sprayer as compared to the knapsack sprayer was found to be 39.98, 93.44 and 96.64 %, respectively.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
The auto-rotate gun sprayer produced significantly higher droplet density, area covered and spray deposition than a knapsack sprayer.
- Taxon
- Cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- auto-rotate gun sprayere0
- Outcome
- Droplet density, area covered and volume of spray depositione0
- Direction
- significantly highere0
- Comparator
- knapsack sprayere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Droplet density, area covered and volume of spray deposition were found significantly higher in case of the auto-rotate gun sprayer as compared to that of a knapsack sprayer.”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
The auto-rotate gun sprayer had significantly smaller volume median droplet diameter, 286.95 µm versus 347.85 µm.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- volume median diameter of dropletse0
- Direction
- significantly lessere0
- Value
- 286.95 µme0
- Qualifier
- 347.85 µme0
- Comparator
- knapsack sprayere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the volume median diameter of droplets was found significantly lesser in case of an auto-rotate gun sprayer, i.e. 286.95 µm as compared to the knapsack sprayer, i.e. 347.85 µm.”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Whitefly control with pyriproxyfen was 68.06 % using the auto-rotate gun sprayer.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- auto-rotate gune0
- Interactor
- whiteflye0pest
- Outcome
- whitefly controle0
- Value
- 68.06 %e0
- Qualifier
- pyriproxyfen 100 g active ingredient (g a.i.)/hae0
- Comparator
- knapsack sprayere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The per cent whitefly control in the cotton crop in first experiment was found as 68.06 % and 65.90 % for auto-rotate gun and knapsack sprayer, respectively, by using pyriproxyfen 100 g active ingredient (g a.i.)/ha.”
Claim · model-written summary
Whitefly control with pyriproxyfen was 65.90 % using the knapsack sprayer.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- knapsack sprayere0
- Interactor
- whiteflye0pest
- Outcome
- whitefly controle0
- Value
- 65.90 %e0
- Qualifier
- pyriproxyfen 100 g active ingredient (g a.i.)/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The per cent whitefly control in the cotton crop in first experiment was found as 68.06 % and 65.90 % for auto-rotate gun and knapsack sprayer, respectively, by using pyriproxyfen 100 g active ingredient (g a.i.)/ha.”
Claim · model-written summary
With flonicamid, the auto-rotate gun sprayer gave significantly higher whitefly control, 83.27 % versus 70.87 %.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- auto-rotate gun sprayere0
- Interactor
- whiteflye0pest
- Outcome
- whitefly controle0
- Direction
- significantly highere0
- Value
- 83.27 %e0
- Qualifier
- 70.87 %e0
- Comparator
- knapsack sprayere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the per cent whitefly control for auto-rotate gun sprayer was significantly higher, i.e. 83.27 % as compared to knapsack sprayer having 70.87 % control by using flonicamid 75 g a.i./ha.”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
The auto-rotate gun sprayer had higher bio-efficacy in both experiments.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- auto-rotate gun sprayere0
- Outcome
- bio-efficacye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- both experimentse0
- Comparator
- knapsack sprayere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the bio-efficacy of auto-rotate gun sprayer was found higher for the both experiments as compared to the knapsack sprayer.”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Operation cost was US$4.11/ha for the auto-rotate gun sprayer versus $6.85/ha for the knapsack sprayer.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- cost of operatione0
- Value
- US$4.11/hae0
- Qualifier
- $6.85/hae0
- Comparator
- knapsack sprayere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The cost of operation of the auto-rotate gun sprayer was found to be US$4.11/ha as compared to knapsack sprayer with $6.85/ha.”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
The auto-rotate gun sprayer saved 39.98 % in cost relative to the knapsack sprayer.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- coste0
- Direction
- time-savinge0
- Value
- 39.98e0
- Comparator
- knapsack sprayere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The cost, labour and time-saving in the spraying with the auto-rotate gun sprayer as compared to the knapsack sprayer was found to be 39.98, 93.44 and 96.64 %, respectively.”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
The auto-rotate gun sprayer saved 93.44 % in labour relative to the knapsack sprayer.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- laboure0
- Direction
- time-savinge0
- Value
- 93.44e0
- Comparator
- knapsack sprayere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The cost, labour and time-saving in the spraying with the auto-rotate gun sprayer as compared to the knapsack sprayer was found to be 39.98, 93.44 and 96.64 %, respectively.”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
The auto-rotate gun sprayer saved 96.64 % in time relative to the knapsack sprayer.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- time-savinge0
- Direction
- time-savinge0
- Value
- 96.64 %e0
- Comparator
- knapsack sprayere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The cost, labour and time-saving in the spraying with the auto-rotate gun sprayer as compared to the knapsack sprayer was found to be 39.98, 93.44 and 96.64 %, respectively.”
t0“Cotton”
The same questions in other papers
application · control · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
11 papers more in this group
See all 15 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.