Abstract
Furrow sowing could significantly decrease salt damage to wheat; however, the molecular mechanism in wheat is not well known. In this study, a split-root system was used to simulate non-uniform root zone salinity. Our hydroponic experiments showed that wheat seedlings under non-uniform salt stress probably use a salt avoidance strategy to ensure growth. RNA sequencing analysis showed that 1648 and 3245 differentially expressed genes were identified in 0/150 and 75/75 salt treatments, respectively, with an intersection of 690 genes. Gene ontology terms representing normal growth were specifically enriched by upregulated genes in the 0/150 treatment and downregulated genes in the 75/75 treatment, and terms representing phytoremediation were specifically enriched by upregulated genes in the 75/75 treatment and downregulated genes in the 0/150 treatment. Differentially expressed genes that are probably associated with salt stress and transcription factors showed significantly higher expression in the 75/75 treatment than in the 0/150 treatment. These findings suggest that a uniform salt treatment causes wheat to initiate a more complex salt tolerance mechanism for salt stress. In addition, the expression of 11 genes annotated as peroxidase was higher in the 0/150 treatment than in the 75/75 treatment, and the enzyme activity showed the same trend, indicating that peroxidase probably played a role in the better performance of wheat plants under non-uniform salt stress. Pot culture experiments showed that wheat plants under non-uniform salt stress produced higher yields than those under uniform stress, further indicating that inducing unequal salt distribution in soil could significantly improve wheat cultivation.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
RNA sequencing identified 1648 and 3245 differentially expressed genes in the 0/150 and 75/75 salt treatments of wheat.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- 0/150 and 75/75 salt treatmentse1
- Outcome
- differentially expressed genese1
- Value
- 1648 and 3245e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat seedlings under non-uniform salt stress”
e1“1648 and 3245 differentially expressed genes were identified in 0/150 and 75/75 salt treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat expression of 11 peroxidase-annotated genes was higher in the 0/150 treatment than in the 75/75 treatment.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 0/150 treatmente2
- Gene
- peroxidasee2
- Outcome
- expression of 11 genes annotated as peroxidasee2
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- 75/75 treatmente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat seedlings under non-uniform salt stress”
e2“the expression of 11 genes annotated as peroxidase was higher in the 0/150 treatment than in the 75/75 treatment, and the enzyme activity showed the same trend”
Claim · model-written summary
Peroxidase enzyme activity in wheat followed the same trend as gene expression, higher in the 0/150 treatment than in the 75/75 treatment.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 0/150 treatmente2
- Outcome
- enzyme activitye2
- Direction
- same trende2
- Comparator
- 75/75 treatmente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat seedlings under non-uniform salt stress”
e2“the expression of 11 genes annotated as peroxidase was higher in the 0/150 treatment than in the 75/75 treatment, and the enzyme activity showed the same trend”
Claim · model-written summary
Pot-grown wheat under non-uniform salt stress produced higher yields than under uniform stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- non-uniform salt stresse6
- Outcome
- yieldse6
- Direction
- highere6
- Comparator
- uniform stresse6
- Setting
- Pot culturee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat seedlings under non-uniform salt stress”
e6“Pot culture experiments showed that wheat plants under non-uniform salt stress produced higher yields than those under uniform stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Gene ontology terms representing normal growth were enriched by upregulated genes in the 0/150 treatment of wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 0/150 treatmente3
- Outcome
- Gene ontology terms representing normal growthe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat seedlings under non-uniform salt stress”
e3“Gene ontology terms representing normal growth were specifically enriched by upregulated genes in the 0/150 treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Gene ontology terms representing phytoremediation were enriched by upregulated genes in the 75/75 treatment of wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 75/75 treatmente4
- Outcome
- terms representing phytoremediatione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat seedlings under non-uniform salt stress”
e4“terms representing phytoremediation were specifically enriched by upregulated genes in the 75/75 treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt-stress-associated and transcription-factor differentially expressed genes were more highly expressed in the 75/75 treatment than in the 0/150 treatment of wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 75/75 treatmente5
- Outcome
- Differentially expressed genes that are probably associated with salt stress and transcription factorse5
- Direction
- highere5
- Comparator
- 0/150 treatmente5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat seedlings under non-uniform salt stress”
e5“Differentially expressed genes that are probably associated with salt stress and transcription factors showed significantly higher expression in the 75/75 treatment than in the 0/150 treatment”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
29 papers in the same direction as this paper · 197 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- negative
223 papers more in this group
See all 227 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.