Abstract
Abstract Background Powders and extracts of Piper guineense seeds and leaves were assessed for insecticidal activities against Callosobruchus maculatus in the laboratory at temperature and relative humidity of 29.6 °C and 75.9%, respectively. Bioactive compounds in P . guineense leaves and seeds were also investigated. The powders were tested at rates 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 g/20 g cowpea seeds while extracts were tested at 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0%. Results Results of contact toxicity assay of the seed powder caused 100% adult mortality at 96 h post-treatment period whereas leaf powder evoked 90% adult mortality within the same period at concentration of 1.0 g/20 g cowpea seeds. Low adult emergence was observed on cowpea seeds treated with 1 g of seed powder with percentage adult emergence of 10.0% and inhibition rate (IR) of 97.5%. Beetle Perforation Index (BPI) obtained from treated cowpea seeds was significantly different ( P < 0.05) from BPI of untreated seeds. Extracts of P . guineense seed were more toxic than seed powder. Piper guineense seed extract caused 87.5% adult mortality of C . maculatus while leaf extract caused 70.0% adult mortality within 24 h of infestation at concentration of 1%. Progeny development of C . maculatus was completely inhibited in cowpea treated with 2% and 3% leaf and seed extracts of P . guineense . β-Pinene was the most abundant active compound in P . guineense seed (55.6%) and leaf (48.4%). β-Phellandrene occurred 38.2% in seeds while Ocimene had the least value of 0.2% in seed and 0.5% in leaf. Conclusion The study showed that P . guineense seed powder and extracts were more effective than leaf powder and extract. Utilization of plant products as alternative to synthetic insecticides in protecting cowpea seeds against C . maculatus should be encouraged for enhanced food safety and security. Piper guineense is used as spice and medicine and interestingly safe for human use.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Piper guineense seed powder at 1.0 g/20 g cowpea seeds caused 100% adult bruchid mortality at 96 hours.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatat0 - Treatment
- seed powdere1
- Interactor
- Callosobruchus maculatus
Callosobruchus maculatust0pest - Outcome
- adult mortalitye1
- Direction
- causede1
- Value
- 100%e1
- Qualifier
- 96 h post-treatment periode1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cowpea seeds against cowpea bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus”
e0“The powders were tested at rates 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 g/20 g cowpea seeds”
e1“seed powder caused 100% adult mortality at 96 h post-treatment period”
Claim · model-written summary
Piper guineense leaf powder caused 90% adult bruchid mortality at 1.0 g/20 g cowpea seeds after 96 hours.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- leaf powdere0
- Interactor
- Callosobruchus maculatusCallosobruchus maculatust0pest
- Outcome
- adult mortalitye0
- Direction
- evokede0
- Value
- 90%e0
- Qualifier
- 1.0 g/20 g cowpea seedse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cowpea bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus”
e0“leaf powder evoked 90% adult mortality within the same period at concentration of 1.0 g/20 g cowpea seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Cowpea seeds treated with 1 g seed powder had 10.0% adult bruchid emergence.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- 1 g of seed powdere0
- Interactor
- Callosobruchus maculatusCallosobruchus maculatust0pest
- Outcome
- adult emergencee0
- Direction
- Lowe0
- Value
- 10.0%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cowpea bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus”
e0“Low adult emergence was observed on cowpea seeds treated with 1 g of seed powder with percentage adult emergence of 10.0%”
Claim · model-written summary
Cowpea seeds treated with 1 g seed powder had a 97.5% inhibition rate of adult bruchid emergence.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- 1 g of seed powdere0
- Interactor
- Callosobruchus maculatusCallosobruchus maculatust0pest
- Outcome
- inhibition rate (IR)e0
- Value
- 97.5%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cowpea bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus”
e0“cowpea seeds treated with 1 g of seed powder with percentage adult emergence of 10.0% and inhibition rate (IR) of 97.5%”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated cowpea seeds differed significantly from untreated seeds in Beetle Perforation Index.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- treated cowpea seedse0
- Interactor
- Callosobruchus maculatusCallosobruchus maculatust0pest
- Outcome
- Beetle Perforation Index (BPI)e0
- Comparator
- untreated seedse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cowpea bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus”
e0“Beetle Perforation Index (BPI) obtained from treated cowpea seeds was significantly different ( P < 0.05) from BPI of untreated seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Piper guineense seed extract was more toxic to bruchids than seed powder.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Extracts of P . guineense seede0
- Interactor
- Callosobruchus maculatusCallosobruchus maculatust0pest
- Outcome
- toxice0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- seed powdere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cowpea bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus”
e0“Extracts of P . guineense seed were more toxic than seed powder”
Claim · model-written summary
Piper guineense seed extract caused 87.5% Callosobruchus maculatus adult mortality.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Piper guineense seed extracte0
- Interactor
- C . maculatusCallosobruchus maculatuse0pest
- Outcome
- adult mortality of C . maculatuse0
- Direction
- causede0
- Value
- 87.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cowpea seeds”
e0“Piper guineense seed extract caused 87.5% adult mortality of C . maculatus”
Claim · model-written summary
Piper guineense leaf extract caused 70.0% adult bruchid mortality within 24 hours at 1%.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- leaf extracte0
- Interactor
- Callosobruchus maculatusCallosobruchus maculatust0pest
- Outcome
- adult mortalitye0
- Direction
- causede0
- Value
- 70.0%e0
- Qualifier
- within 24 h of infestation at concentration of 1%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cowpea bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus”
e0“leaf extract caused 70.0% adult mortality within 24 h of infestation at concentration of 1%”
Claim · model-written summary
Two percent Piper guineense leaf extract completely inhibited Callosobruchus maculatus progeny development in cowpea.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- 2% and 3% leaf and seed extracts of P . guineensee0
- Interactor
- C . maculatusCallosobruchus maculatuse0pest
- Outcome
- Progeny development of C . maculatuse0
- Direction
- completely inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Callosobruchus maculatus”
e0“Progeny development of C . maculatus was completely inhibited in cowpea treated with 2% and 3% leaf and seed extracts of P . guineense”
Claim · model-written summary
Three percent Piper guineense leaf extract completely inhibited Callosobruchus maculatus progeny development in cowpea.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- 3% leaf and seed extracts of P . guineensee0
- Interactor
- C . maculatusCallosobruchus maculatuse0pest
- Outcome
- Progeny development of C . maculatuse0
- Direction
- completely inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Progeny development of C . maculatus was completely inhibited in cowpea treated with 2% and 3% leaf and seed extracts of P . guineense”
Claim · model-written summary
Piper guineense seed contained β-Pinene as the most abundant active compound, at 55.6%.
- Taxon
- P . guineense
.jpg?width=60)
Piper guineensee0 - Organ / stage
- seede0
- Outcome
- β-Pinene was the most abundant active compounde0
- Value
- 55.6%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“β-Pinene was the most abundant active compound in P . guineense seed (55.6%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Piper guineense leaves contained β-Pinene as the most abundant active compound, at 48.4%.
- Taxon
- P . guineensePiper guineensee0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Outcome
- β-Pinene was the most abundant active compounde0
- Value
- 48.4%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“β-Pinene was the most abundant active compound in P . guineense seed (55.6%) and leaf (48.4%)”
Claim · model-written summary
β-Phellandrene constituted 38.2% of Piper guineense seeds.
- Taxon
- Piper guineensePiper guineenset0
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Outcome
- β-Phellandrenee0
- Value
- 38.2%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Piper guineense”
e0“β-Phellandrene occurred 38.2% in seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Ocimene was least abundant in Piper guineense seeds at 0.2%.
- Taxon
- Piper guineensePiper guineenset0
- Organ / stage
- seede0
- Outcome
- Ocimenee0
- Value
- 0.2%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Piper guineense”
e0“Ocimene had the least value of 0.2% in seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Ocimene was present in Piper guineense leaves at 0.5%.
- Taxon
- Piper guineensePiper guineenset0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Outcome
- Ocimenee0
- Value
- 0.5%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Piper guineense”
e0“Ocimene had the least value of 0.2% in seed and 0.5% in leaf”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend plant products to protect cowpea seeds against Callosobruchus maculatus.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Interactor
- C . maculatusCallosobruchus maculatuse0pest
- Outcome
- Utilization of plant products as alternative to synthetic insecticides in protecting cowpea seeds against C . maculatuse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Utilization of plant products as alternative to synthetic insecticides in protecting cowpea seeds against C . maculatus should be encouraged for enhanced food safety and security”
The same questions in other papers
Piper guineense · Callosobruchus maculatus · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results
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See all 10 papers →botanical · Callosobruchus maculatus · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results
157 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
159 papers more in this group
See all 163 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.