Abstract
Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) can be a troublesome weed that may causes high yield losses to several crops. Ryegrass resistance to the typically used acetolactate synthase (ALS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibiting herbicides complicates the control. As an alternative, we evaluated and compared the effects of two soil-acting herbicides, flufenacet and prosulfocarb, on susceptible L. multiflorum. The herbicides were applied in two doses in three different methods of applications: (1) soil and foliar application (2) foliar application, and (3) soil application only. Two greenhouse experiments separated in time showed that both herbicides reduced root and foliar biomass significantly as compared to the nontreated plants. In experiment 1, both herbicides resulted in lower efficacy when they only were applied to the leaves compared to the nontreated plants. Especially the foliar effect of flufenacet was small. The highest dose of prosulfocarb (4200 g ai ha−1) reduced the fresh foliar weight by 61% in experiment 1 and by 95% in experiment 2. The lowest dose of prosulfocarb (2100 g ai ha−1) reduced the weights by 73% (experiment 1) and 98% (experiment 2), respectively. For both herbicides the soil and foliar application applied postemergence were effective in reducing growth of L. multiflorum significantly in both experiments. Foliar application showed inconsistent results, showing that soil absorption plays an important role on herbicide efficacy even when the herbicides are applied postemergence. Postemergence application of prosulfocarb and flufenacet were effective to reduce L. multiflorum growth having apparently good root and leaf absorption.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Both herbicides significantly reduced root and foliar biomass of Italian ryegrass compared with nontreated plants in two greenhouse experiments.
- Taxon
- Lolium multiflorum
Lolium multiflorume0 - Treatment
- Flufenacet and Prosulfocarbt0
- Outcome
- root and foliar biomasse1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- nontreated plantse1
- Setting
- greenhouse experimentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.)”
t0“Flufenacet and Prosulfocarb”
e1“Two greenhouse experiments separated in time showed that both herbicides reduced root and foliar biomass significantly as compared to the nontreated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
In experiment 1, herbicides applied only to the leaves gave lower efficacy than in the nontreated plants.
- Taxon
- Lolium multiflorumLolium multiflorume0
- Treatment
- they only were applied to the leavese1
- Outcome
- efficacye1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Comparator
- nontreated plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.)”
e1“In experiment 1, both herbicides resulted in lower efficacy when they only were applied to the leaves compared to the nontreated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The foliar effect of flufenacet on Italian ryegrass was small.
- Taxon
- Lolium multiflorumLolium multiflorume0
- Treatment
- flufenacete2
- Outcome
- foliar effecte2
- Direction
- smalle2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.)”
e2“Especially the foliar effect of flufenacet was small”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest prosulfocarb dose reduced fresh foliar weight of Italian ryegrass by 61% in experiment 1.
- Taxon
- Lolium multiflorumLolium multiflorume0
- Treatment
- highest dose of prosulfocarb (4200 g ai ha−1)e1
- Outcome
- fresh foliar weighte1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 61%e1
- Qualifier
- in experiment 1e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.)”
e1“The highest dose of prosulfocarb (4200 g ai ha−1) reduced the fresh foliar weight by 61% in experiment 1”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest prosulfocarb dose reduced fresh foliar weight of Italian ryegrass by 95% in experiment 2.
- Taxon
- Lolium multiflorumLolium multiflorume0
- Treatment
- highest dose of prosulfocarb (4200 g ai ha−1)e1
- Outcome
- fresh foliar weighte1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 95%e1
- Qualifier
- in experiment 2e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.)”
e1“The highest dose of prosulfocarb (4200 g ai ha−1) reduced the fresh foliar weight by 61% in experiment 1 and by 95% in experiment 2”
Claim · model-written summary
The lowest prosulfocarb dose reduced weights of Italian ryegrass by 73% in experiment 1.
- Taxon
- Lolium multiflorumLolium multiflorume0
- Treatment
- lowest dose of prosulfocarb (2100 g ai ha−1)e1
- Outcome
- weightse1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 73%e1
- Qualifier
- experiment 1e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.)”
e1“The lowest dose of prosulfocarb (2100 g ai ha−1) reduced the weights by 73% (experiment 1) and 98% (experiment 2), respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The lowest prosulfocarb dose reduced weights of Italian ryegrass by 98% in experiment 2.
- Taxon
- Lolium multiflorumLolium multiflorume0
- Treatment
- lowest dose of prosulfocarb (2100 g ai ha−1)e1
- Outcome
- weightse1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 98%e1
- Qualifier
- experiment 2e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.)”
e1“The lowest dose of prosulfocarb (2100 g ai ha−1) reduced the weights by 73% (experiment 1) and 98% (experiment 2), respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil and foliar postemergence application of both herbicides significantly reduced growth of L. multiflorum in both experiments.
- Taxon
- L. multiflorumLolium multiflorume1
- Treatment
- soil and foliar application applied postemergencee1
- Outcome
- growthe1
- Direction
- reducinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“For both herbicides the soil and foliar application applied postemergence were effective in reducing growth of L. multiflorum significantly in both experiments”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar application gave inconsistent herbicide efficacy, indicating that soil absorption plays an important role in efficacy even after postemergence application.
- Taxon
- Lolium multiflorumLolium multiflorume0
- Treatment
- Foliar applicatione1
- Outcome
- herbicide efficacye1
- Qualifier
- soil absorption plays an important rolee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.)”
e1“Foliar application showed inconsistent results, showing that soil absorption plays an important role on herbicide efficacy even when the herbicides are applied postemergence”
Claim · model-written summary
Postemergence application of prosulfocarb and flufenacet reduced L. multiflorum growth, with apparently good root and leaf absorption.
- Taxon
- L. multiflorumLolium multiflorume1
- Treatment
- Postemergence application of prosulfocarb and flufenacete1
- Outcome
- growthe1
- Direction
- reducee1
- Qualifier
- having apparently good root and leaf absorptione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Postemergence application of prosulfocarb and flufenacet were effective to reduce L. multiflorum growth having apparently good root and leaf absorption”
The same questions in other papers
application · growth · Lolium multiflorum (Italian ryegrass)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
herbicide · growth · Lolium multiflorum (Italian ryegrass)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.