Abstract
Abstract There are only two soil‐applied herbicides, pendimethalin and imazethapyr, registered for weed management in azuki bean production in Ontario, Canada. Three experiments were completed in Ontario over three consecutive years (2017, 2018, and 2019) to develop weed management programs in azuki bean with various preplant incorporated (PPI) herbicides. There was up to 6% azuki bean injury with the herbicide treatments evaluated. Pendimethalin + S ‐metolachlor controlled redroot pigweed, common lambsquarters, barnyard grass, and green foxtail at ≥99% but provided poor control of common ragweed and wild mustard. The two‐way mixtures of pendimethalin + imazethapyr and pendimethalin + halosulfuron, and the three‐way mixtures of pendimethalin + S ‐metolachlor + imazethapyr and pendimethalin + S ‐metolachlor + halosulfuron controlled redroot pigweed, common lambsquarters, wild mustard, barnyard grass, and green foxtail at ≥99% and common ragweed at >73%. Common ragweed control was consistently higher with tankmixes that contained halosulfuron. Metribuzin controlled redroot pigweed, common ragweed, common lambsquarters, wild mustard, barnyard grass, and green foxtail at >93%, 88%, 99%, 97%, 68%, and 50%, respectively. Weed density and aboveground biomass reductions were similar to those of weed control. Weed presence reduced azuki bean yield by 83%. Reduced weed presence with the herbicide treatments assessed resulted in azuki bean yield that was similar to that of the weed‐free control with the exception of pendimethalin, halosulfuron, and metribuzin (low rate); weed interference with the aforementioned herbicides decreased azuki bean yield by 50%, 56%, and 44%, respectively. Based on these results, pendimethalin, S ‐metolachlor, halosulfuron, and imazethapyr applied PPI, applied alone, or in a two‐way or three‐way tankmixture can be used safely for the control of common annual grass and broadleaf weeds in Ontario, Canada.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide treatments produced up to 6% azuki bean injury.
- Taxon
- azuki bean
Vigna angularise0 - Treatment
- herbicide treatmentse0
- Outcome
- azuki bean injurye0
- Value
- 6%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was up to 6% azuki bean injury with the herbicide treatments evaluated.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin plus S-metolachlor controlled four named weeds at at least 99%.
- Taxon
- azuki beanVigna angularist0
- Treatment
- Pendimethalin + S ‐metolachlore0
- Interactor
- redroot pigweede0weed
- Outcome
- controlled redroot pigweed, common lambsquarters, barnyard grass, and green foxtaile0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- ≥99%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pendimethalin + S ‐metolachlor controlled redroot pigweed, common lambsquarters, barnyard grass, and green foxtail at ≥99%”
t0“azuki bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin plus S-metolachlor provided poor control of ragweed and wild mustard.
- Taxon
- azuki beanVigna angularist0
- Treatment
- Pendimethalin + S ‐metolachlore0
- Interactor
- common ragweed
Ambrosia artemisiifoliae0weed - Outcome
- poor control of common ragweed and wild mustarde0
- Direction
- poor controle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pendimethalin + S ‐metolachlor controlled redroot pigweed, common lambsquarters, barnyard grass, and green foxtail at ≥99% but provided poor control of common ragweed and wild mustard.”
t0“azuki bean”
Claim · model-written summary
The four listed herbicide mixtures controlled five weeds at at least 99% and ragweed above 73%.
- Taxon
- azuki beanVigna angularist0
- Treatment
- two‐way mixtures of pendimethalin + imazethapyr and pendimethalin + halosulfuron, and the three‐way mixtures of pendimethalin + S ‐metolachlor + imazethapyr and pendimethalin + S ‐metolachlor + halosulfurone0
- Interactor
- common ragweedAmbrosia artemisiifoliae0weed
- Outcome
- common ragweede0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- >73%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The two‐way mixtures of pendimethalin + imazethapyr and pendimethalin + halosulfuron, and the three‐way mixtures of pendimethalin + S ‐metolachlor + imazethapyr and pendimethalin + S ‐metolachlor + halosulfuron controlled redroot pigweed, common lambsquarters, wild mustard, barnyard grass, and green foxtail at ≥99% and common ragweed at >73%.”
t0“azuki bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Halosulfuron-containing mixtures consistently gave higher ragweed control.
- Taxon
- azuki beanVigna angularist0
- Treatment
- tankmixes that contained halosulfurone0
- Interactor
- Common ragweedAmbrosia artemisiifoliae0weed
- Outcome
- Common ragweed controle0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Common ragweed control was consistently higher with tankmixes that contained halosulfuron.”
t0“azuki bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Metribuzin controlled six weed species at rates from 50% to over 93%.
- Taxon
- azuki beanVigna angularist0
- Treatment
- Metribuzine0
- Interactor
- redroot pigweede0weed
- Outcome
- controlled redroot pigweed, common ragweed, common lambsquarters, wild mustard, barnyard grass, and green foxtaile0
- Direction
- controllede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Metribuzin controlled redroot pigweed, common ragweed, common lambsquarters, wild mustard, barnyard grass, and green foxtail at >93%, 88%, 99%, 97%, 68%, and 50%, respectively.”
t0“azuki bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed density and biomass reductions resembled weed control.
- Taxon
- azuki beanVigna angularist0
- Interactor
- Weede0weed
- Outcome
- Weed density and aboveground biomass reductionse0
- Direction
- reductionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weed density and aboveground biomass reductions were similar to those of weed control.”
t0“azuki bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed presence reduced azuki bean yield by 83%.
- Taxon
- azuki beanVigna angularise0
- Treatment
- Weed presencee0
- Interactor
- Weede0weed
- Outcome
- azuki bean yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 83%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weed presence reduced azuki bean yield by 83%.”
Claim · model-written summary
Most assessed herbicides produced yields similar to a weed-free control.
- Taxon
- azuki beanVigna angularise0
- Treatment
- herbicide treatments assessede0
- Outcome
- azuki bean yielde0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- weed‐free controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduced weed presence with the herbicide treatments assessed resulted in azuki bean yield that was similar to that of the weed‐free control with the exception of pendimethalin, halosulfuron, and metribuzin (low rate)”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed interference with pendimethalin reduced yield by 50%.
- Taxon
- azuki beanVigna angularise0
- Treatment
- pendimethaline1
- Outcome
- azuki bean yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 50%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“weed interference with the aforementioned herbicides decreased azuki bean yield by 50%, 56%, and 44%, respectively.”
e1“pendimethalin, halosulfuron, and metribuzin (low rate)”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed interference with halosulfuron reduced yield by 56%.
- Taxon
- azuki beanVigna angularise0
- Treatment
- halosulfurone1
- Outcome
- azuki bean yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 56%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“weed interference with the aforementioned herbicides decreased azuki bean yield by 50%, 56%, and 44%, respectively.”
e1“pendimethalin, halosulfuron, and metribuzin (low rate)”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed interference with low-rate metribuzin reduced yield by 44%.
- Taxon
- azuki beanVigna angularise0
- Treatment
- metribuzin (low rate)e1
- Outcome
- azuki bean yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 44%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“weed interference with the aforementioned herbicides decreased azuki bean yield by 50%, 56%, and 44%, respectively.”
e1“pendimethalin, halosulfuron, and metribuzin (low rate)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend four herbicides alone or mixed for annual weed control in Ontario azuki bean.
- Taxon
- azuki beanVigna angularist0
- Outcome
- can be used safely for the control of common annual grass and broadleaf weedse0
- Setting
- Ontario, Canadae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pendimethalin, S ‐metolachlor, halosulfuron, and imazethapyr applied PPI, applied alone, or in a two‐way or three‐way tankmixture can be used safely for the control of common annual grass and broadleaf weeds in Ontario, Canada.”
t0“azuki bean”
The same questions in other papers
metolachlor · control · Vigna angularis (adzuki bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
pendimethalin · control · Vigna angularis (adzuki bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Halosulfuron-methyl · yield · Vigna angularis (adzuki bean)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
herbicide · yield · Vigna angularis (adzuki bean)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →herbicide · crop injury · Vigna angularis (adzuki bean)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.