Formulation of Culture Media for Growth of Nitrogen Fixing, Phosphate Soulbilizing and Potash Mobilizing Bacteria in a Consortium

Abstract

The present study was concerned with the formulations of suitable culture media for growth of nitrogen fixing, phosphate soulbilizing and potash mobilizing bacteria in a consortium. Among the different culture media, MS III media having Glucose (10 g/L), Mannitol (10 g/L), Ammonium sulphate (0.5 g/L) and Yeast extract (6 g/L) recorded maximum growth and cfu count of Rhizobium, PSB and KMB. These three beneficial microorganisms found compatible with each other when grown on MS III culture media. Seed inoculation of green gram with consortia of MPKV Rhizobium, PSB and KMB +75% RDF significantly increase the number of branches (4.75), Plant height (60.50 cm), number of nodules/plant (41.50) and chlorophyll content (0.8368 mg/g) and found at par with 100% RDF.The maximum number of pods/plant (8.00) yield/plant (16.75g) and dry matter/plant (24.25g) were recorded in treatment of 100% RDF but found at par with seed inoculation with consortia of MPKV Rhizobium, PSB and KMB +75% RDF which recorded number of pods/plant, yield/plant and dry matter/plant 7.25, 15.50 g and 23.50 g, respectively. The significantly highest available ‘N’ 164 kg/ha, ‘P’ 28 kg/ha and ‘K’ 800 kg/ha were recorded in seed inoculation with consortia of MPKVRhizobium, PSB & KMB consortia + 75% RDF followed by 100% RDF.Seed inoculation with consortia of MPKV Rhizobium, PSB and KMB significantly increased the growth and yield of greengram as compared to uninoculated control.

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Claims 16

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

MS III medium recorded the maximum growth and cfu count of Rhizobium, PSB and KMB among the culture media tested.

Taxon: RhizobiumRhizobiume0
Treatment: MS III mediae0
Outcome: growth and cfu counte0
Direction: maximume0
Comparator: the different culture mediae0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

*Rhizobium* · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Ninjatacoshell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0
“Among the different culture media, MS III media having Glucose (10 g/L), Mannitol (10 g/L), Ammonium sulphate (0.5 g/L) and Yeast extract (6 g/L) recorded maximum growth and cfu count of Rhizobium, PSB and KMB”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 182–391 · show in text ↑

Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The three beneficial microorganisms were compatible with each other on MS III medium.

Outcome: compatible with each othere0
Setting: MS III culture mediae0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0
“These three beneficial microorganisms found compatible with each other when grown on MS III culture media”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 393–498 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Seed inoculation of green gram with the Rhizobium, PSB and KMB consortium plus 75% RDF significantly increased number of branches (4.75).

Taxon: green gramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
Treatment: consortia of MPKV Rhizobium, PSB and KMB +75% RDFe0
Interactor: RhizobiumRhizobiume0symbiont
Outcome: number of branchese1
Direction: increasee0
Value: 4.75e1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

*Vigna radiata var. radiata* · Taxon · picture of the speciesIvar Leidus · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0
“Seed inoculation of green gram with consortia of MPKV Rhizobium, PSB and KMB +75% RDF significantly increase”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 500–608 · show in text ↑

e1
“the number of branches (4.75)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 609–638 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Seed inoculation of green gram with the Rhizobium, PSB and KMB consortium plus 75% RDF significantly increased Plant height (60.50 cm).

Taxon: green gramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
Treatment: consortia of MPKV Rhizobium, PSB and KMB +75% RDFe0
Interactor: RhizobiumRhizobiume0symbiont
Outcome: Plant heighte1
Direction: increasee0
Value: 60.50 cme1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“Seed inoculation of green gram with consortia of MPKV Rhizobium, PSB and KMB +75% RDF significantly increase”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 500–608 · show in text ↑

e1
“Plant height (60.50 cm)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 640–663 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Seed inoculation of green gram with the Rhizobium, PSB and KMB consortium plus 75% RDF significantly increased number of nodules/plant (41.50).

Taxon: green gramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
Treatment: consortia of MPKV Rhizobium, PSB and KMB +75% RDFe0
Interactor: RhizobiumRhizobiume0symbiont
Outcome: number of nodules/plante1
Direction: increasee0
Value: 41.50e1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“Seed inoculation of green gram with consortia of MPKV Rhizobium, PSB and KMB +75% RDF significantly increase”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 500–608 · show in text ↑

e1
“number of nodules/plant (41.50)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 665–696 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Seed inoculation of green gram with the Rhizobium, PSB and KMB consortium plus 75% RDF significantly increased chlorophyll content (0.8368 mg/g).

Taxon: green gramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
Treatment: consortia of MPKV Rhizobium, PSB and KMB +75% RDFe0
Interactor: RhizobiumRhizobiume0symbiont
Outcome: chlorophyll contente1
Direction: increasee0
Value: 0.8368 mg/ge1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“Seed inoculation of green gram with consortia of MPKV Rhizobium, PSB and KMB +75% RDF significantly increase”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 500–608 · show in text ↑

e1
“chlorophyll content (0.8368 mg/g)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 701–734 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The maximum number of pods/plant (8.00) was recorded under 100% RDF.

Taxon: greengramVigna radiata var. radiatae1
Treatment: 100% RDFe0
Outcome: number of pods/plante0
Direction: maximume0
Value: 8.00e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“The maximum number of pods/plant (8.00) yield/plant (16.75g) and dry matter/plant (24.25g) were recorded in treatment of 100% RDF”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 766–895 · show in text ↑

e1
“greengram”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1412–1421 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The maximum yield/plant (16.75g) was recorded under 100% RDF.

Taxon: greengramVigna radiata var. radiatae1
Treatment: 100% RDFe0
Outcome: yield/plante0
Direction: maximume0
Value: 16.75ge0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“The maximum number of pods/plant (8.00) yield/plant (16.75g) and dry matter/plant (24.25g) were recorded in treatment of 100% RDF”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 766–895 · show in text ↑

e1
“greengram”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1412–1421 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The maximum dry matter/plant (24.25g) was recorded under 100% RDF.

Taxon: greengramVigna radiata var. radiatae1
Treatment: 100% RDFe0
Outcome: dry matter/plante0
Direction: maximume0
Value: 24.25ge0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“The maximum number of pods/plant (8.00) yield/plant (16.75g) and dry matter/plant (24.25g) were recorded in treatment of 100% RDF”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 766–895 · show in text ↑

e1
“greengram”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1412–1421 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Seed inoculation with the consortium plus 75% RDF gave number of pods/plant of 7.25, at par with 100% RDF.

Taxon: greengramVigna radiata var. radiatae1
Treatment: seed inoculation with consortia of MPKV Rhizobium, PSB and KMB +75% RDFe0
Interactor: RhizobiumRhizobiume0symbiont
Outcome: number of pods/plante0
Direction: at pare0
Value: 7.25e0
Comparator: 100% RDFe0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“100% RDF but found at par with seed inoculation with consortia of MPKV Rhizobium, PSB and KMB +75% RDF which recorded number of pods/plant, yield/plant and dry matter/plant 7.25, 15.50 g and 23.50 g, respectively”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 887–1099 · show in text ↑

e1
“greengram”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1412–1421 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Seed inoculation with the consortium plus 75% RDF gave yield/plant of 15.50 g, at par with 100% RDF.

Taxon: greengramVigna radiata var. radiatae1
Treatment: seed inoculation with consortia of MPKV Rhizobium, PSB and KMB +75% RDFe0
Interactor: RhizobiumRhizobiume0symbiont
Outcome: yield/plante0
Direction: at pare0
Value: 15.50 ge0
Comparator: 100% RDFe0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“100% RDF but found at par with seed inoculation with consortia of MPKV Rhizobium, PSB and KMB +75% RDF which recorded number of pods/plant, yield/plant and dry matter/plant 7.25, 15.50 g and 23.50 g, respectively”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 887–1099 · show in text ↑

e1
“greengram”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1412–1421 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Seed inoculation with the consortium plus 75% RDF gave dry matter/plant of 23.50 g, at par with 100% RDF.

Taxon: greengramVigna radiata var. radiatae1
Treatment: seed inoculation with consortia of MPKV Rhizobium, PSB and KMB +75% RDFe0
Interactor: RhizobiumRhizobiume0symbiont
Outcome: dry matter/plante0
Direction: at pare0
Value: 23.50 ge0
Comparator: 100% RDFe0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“100% RDF but found at par with seed inoculation with consortia of MPKV Rhizobium, PSB and KMB +75% RDF which recorded number of pods/plant, yield/plant and dry matter/plant 7.25, 15.50 g and 23.50 g, respectively”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 887–1099 · show in text ↑

e1
“greengram”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1412–1421 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The significantly highest available available ‘N’ (164 kg/ha) was recorded with seed inoculation with the consortium plus 75% RDF, followed by 100% RDF.

Taxon: greengramVigna radiata var. radiatae1
Treatment: seed inoculation with consortia of MPKVRhizobium, PSB & KMB consortia + 75% RDFe0
Interactor: RhizobiumRhizobiume0symbiont
Outcome: available ‘N’e0
Direction: higheste0
Value: 164 kg/hae0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“The significantly highest available ‘N’ 164 kg/ha, ‘P’ 28 kg/ha and ‘K’ 800 kg/ha were recorded in seed inoculation with consortia of MPKVRhizobium, PSB & KMB consortia + 75% RDF followed by 100% RDF”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1101–1300 · show in text ↑

e1
“greengram”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1412–1421 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The significantly highest available ‘P’ (28 kg/ha) was recorded with seed inoculation with the consortium plus 75% RDF, followed by 100% RDF.

Taxon: greengramVigna radiata var. radiatae1
Treatment: seed inoculation with consortia of MPKVRhizobium, PSB & KMB consortia + 75% RDFe0
Interactor: RhizobiumRhizobiume0symbiont
Outcome: ‘P’e0
Direction: higheste0
Value: 28 kg/hae0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“The significantly highest available ‘N’ 164 kg/ha, ‘P’ 28 kg/ha and ‘K’ 800 kg/ha were recorded in seed inoculation with consortia of MPKVRhizobium, PSB & KMB consortia + 75% RDF followed by 100% RDF”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1101–1300 · show in text ↑

e1
“greengram”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1412–1421 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The significantly highest available ‘K’ (800 kg/ha) was recorded with seed inoculation with the consortium plus 75% RDF, followed by 100% RDF.

Taxon: greengramVigna radiata var. radiatae1
Treatment: seed inoculation with consortia of MPKVRhizobium, PSB & KMB consortia + 75% RDFe0
Interactor: RhizobiumRhizobiume0symbiont
Outcome: ‘K’e0
Direction: higheste0
Value: 800 kg/hae0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“The significantly highest available ‘N’ 164 kg/ha, ‘P’ 28 kg/ha and ‘K’ 800 kg/ha were recorded in seed inoculation with consortia of MPKVRhizobium, PSB & KMB consortia + 75% RDF followed by 100% RDF”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1101–1300 · show in text ↑

e1
“greengram”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1412–1421 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Seed inoculation with the consortium significantly increased growth and yield of greengram compared with uninoculated control.

Taxon: greengramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
Treatment: Seed inoculation with consortia of MPKV Rhizobium, PSB and KMBe0
Interactor: RhizobiumRhizobiume0symbiont
Outcome: growth and yielde0
Direction: increasede0
Comparator: uninoculated controle0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“Seed inoculation with consortia of MPKV Rhizobium, PSB and KMB significantly increased the growth and yield of greengram as compared to uninoculated control”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1301–1457 · show in text ↑

Rhizobium · yield · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Results differ

123 papers: 121 positive, 2 negative or no effect

120 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction

no effect
Rhizobium inoculation did not significantly increase mungbean growth characteristics and yield compared with uninoculated field crops.
Performance of Rhizobium Inoculation to Legume under Field Condition Receiving Petro-Chemical Industry Waste Water · 2010 · compared with uninoculated field crops
Opposite direction
no effect
Bokashi and Rhizobium treatments did not interact for mung bean leaf area, seed weight or harvest index.
Utilization Tithonia diversifolia bokashi with rhizobium bacteria on mung bean plant (Vigna radiata) · 2022
Opposite direction
positive
Co-inoculation of Rhizobium sp. LSMR-32 and Enterococcus mundtii LSMRS-3 significantly improved spring mungbean grain yield by 8.92% over Rhizobium alone under salt stress.
Dual Microbial Inoculation, a Game Changer? – Bacterial Biostimulants With Multifunctional Growth Promoting Traits to Mitigate Salinity Stress in Spring Mungbean · 2021 · compared with Rhizobium sp. alone
Same direction

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Rhizobium · physiology: pigments · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Positive and negative results

7 papers: 6 positive, 1 negative or no effect

5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

no effect
Bokashi and Rhizobium treatments did not interact for mung bean chlorophyll amount.
Utilization Tithonia diversifolia bokashi with rhizobium bacteria on mung bean plant (Vigna radiata) · 2022
Opposite direction
positive
The combined 75% RDF, vermicompost, Rhizobium and PSB treatment significantly improved leaf and growth traits.
Growth, yield and nutrient content of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) in response to INM in eastern Uttar Pradesh, India · 2018
Same direction
positive
Rhizobium-treated greengram had 11.40% higher chlorophyll content than untreated plants
Response of Rhizobium-vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal symbionts on photosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism and sucrose translocation in greengram (Phaseolus radiatus) · 1997 · compared with untreated
Same direction

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Rhizobium · symbiosis · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Positive and negative results

53 papers: 51 positive, 2 negative or no effect

50 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction

negative
Efficient native rhizobial strains alone were insufficient for better greengram nodulation and growth in acid soils.
USE OF ACID TOLERANT STRAINS OF BRADYRHIZOBIUM SP. FOR BLACKGRAM AND GREENGRAM · 2003
Opposite direction
no effect
Bokashi and Rhizobium treatments did not interact for mung bean nodule number.
Utilization Tithonia diversifolia bokashi with rhizobium bacteria on mung bean plant (Vigna radiata) · 2022
Opposite direction
positive
Rhizobium with P and Mo significantly increased plant growth, nodules and dry matter production compared with uninoculated control.
EFFECT OF PHOSPHORUS, MOLYBDENUM AND Rhizobium INOCULATION ON GROWTH AND NODULATION OF MUNGBEAN · 2008 · compared with uninoculated control
Same direction

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Rhizobium · growth · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Results agree

53 papers: 53 positive, 0 negative or no effect

52 papers in the same direction as this paper

positive
Rhizobium inoculation increased mung bean total dry matter up to 1.4 fold.
Effectiveness of halo-tolerant, auxin producing Pseudomonas and Rhizobium strains to improve osmotic stress tolerance in mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) · 2013
Same direction
positive
Combined inoculation and L-TRP increased plant height by 28%.
L-TRYPTOPHAN APPLICATION ENHANCES THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RHIZOBIUM INOCULATION FOR IMPROVING GROWTH AND YIELD OF MUNGBEAN (VIGNA RADIATA (L.) WILCZEK) · 2010 · compared with uninoculated control
Same direction
positive
Preceding rice treatment followed by 75% RDF with Rhizobium and PSB in greengram increased greengram growth characteristics.
Integrated Nutrient Management Improves the Growth and Yield of Rice and Greengram in a Rice—Greengram Cropping System under the Coastal Plain Agro-Climatic Condition · 2022
Same direction

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inoculation · Rhizobium · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Positive and negative results

27 papers: 25 positive, 2 negative or no effect

24 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction

no effect
Osmoprotectant rhizobacteria did not affect rhizobium in mung bean rhizosphere.
Study on rhizobium interaction with osmoprotectant rhizobacteria for improving mung bean yield · 2018
Opposite direction
no effect
Mung bean did not respond to seed inoculation before planting.
Response of Corn and Inoculated Legumes to Urea, Lime, Phosphorus, and Sulfur on Guadalupe Clay · 1982
Opposite direction
positive
Integrated nutrient treatment significantly improved number of nodules/plant in greengram.
Effect of INM on nodulation, yield, quality and available nutrient status in soil after harvest of greengram · 2016 · compared with other combinations and control
Same direction

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fertilization · symbiosis · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Positive and negative results

69 papers: 67 positive, 2 negative or no effect

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inoculation · growth · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Positive and negative results

126 papers: 118 positive, 8 negative or no effect

7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 118 reporting no difference from an alternative

positive
PGPR containing ACC deaminase enhanced growth under salinity.
Inducing salt tolerance in mung bean through coinoculation with rhizobia and plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria containing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase · 2011
No difference from an alternative
positive
PGPR inoculation increased root and shoot fresh and dry biomass relative to untreated plants.
Plant growth promoting bacteria confer salt tolerance in Vigna radiata by up-regulating antioxidant defense and biological soil fertility · 2015 · compared with plants with no bacterial treatment (control)
No difference from an alternative
positive
Biofertilizer significantly promoted mung bean shoot and root growth under limited or supplemented nitrogen.
Effects of Biofertilizer Produced from Bradyrhizobium and Streptomyces griseoflavus on Plant Growth, Nodulation, Nitrogen Fixation, Nutrient Uptake, and Seed Yield of Mung Bean, Cowpea, and Soybean · 2019 · compared with control
No difference from an alternative

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fertilization · growth · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Positive and negative results

145 papers: 140 positive, 5 negative or no effect

139 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

no effect
Green gram seeds germinated 100% in compost, as in distilled water.
Effect of Broiler Slaughter Waste Compost on Seed Germination and Growth Performance of Selected Crop Plants · 2018 · compared with distilled water
Opposite direction
no effect
K3 and K2 did not differ significantly for leaf area in the first season.
Role of Potash Fertilization in Reduction of Water Stress in Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) and Vegetative Growth Characteristics · 2015
Opposite direction
no effect
The treatment combination had no significant growth effect at listed ages.
Pengaruh Pengolahan Tanah Dan Dosis Pupuk Kandang Ayam Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Produksi Tanaman Kacang Hijau (Vigna radiata L.) Di Tanah Inceptisols Ternate · 2022
Opposite direction

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8 of 12 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.

Abstract

Claims 16

The same questions in other papers

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Rhizobium · growth · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Results agree

inoculation · Rhizobium · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Positive and negative results

fertilization · symbiosis · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Positive and negative results

inoculation · growth · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Positive and negative results

fertilization · growth · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Positive and negative results