Abstract
Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa spp.) is the most common noxious weed in rice paddies as it inhibits rice growth and reduces grain yield. To date, little information is available on above- and belowground-growth changes in rice due to neighboring barnyardgrass. This study aimed to investigate the changes in root traits and shoot growth of rice when it is grown with different kinds of barnyardgrass. Japonica rice plants (var. Nanjing 9108) were co-cultured with two varieties of Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv. (EP, var. mitis (pursh) Petern; EH, var. zelayensis (H.B.K.) Hitchc), and E. colonum (L.) Link (EL) in the field in 2017 and 2018. Four treatments included control (i.e., weed free rice plants) and co-cultures with each of three barnyardgrasses (EP, EH, and EL). The results revealed that EP, EH, and EL treatments significantly reduced rice grain yields by 30.6%–36.2%, 42.5%–46.5%, and 10.6%–14.3%, respectively. Shoot growth including shoot dry weight, leaf photosynthetic rate, zeatin (Z) and zeatin riboside (ZR) in grains, and activities of key enzymes involved in sucrose-to-starch conversion in grains and root traits, such as length density, root dry weight, total absorbing surface area, active absorption surface area, oxidation activity, and Z + ZR contents in roots were dramatically reduced during post-heading stages of rice when grown with the three kinds of barnyardgrass. Moreover, above-mentioned rice shoot growth indices were strongly and positively correlated with root traits. These results suggested the decrease in rice shoot growth and root traits during post-heading stages contributes to the reduction in the rice yield when it grows with barnyardgrass neighbors.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
EP reduced rice grain yield by 30.6%–36.2%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“EP, EH, and EL treatments significantly reduced rice grain yields by 30.6%–36.2%, 42.5%–46.5%, and 10.6%–14.3%, respectively”
t0“rice yield”
Claim · model-written summary
EH reduced rice grain yield by 42.5%–46.5%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“EP, EH, and EL treatments significantly reduced rice grain yields by 30.6%–36.2%, 42.5%–46.5%, and 10.6%–14.3%, respectively”
t0“rice yield”
Claim · model-written summary
EL reduced rice grain yield by 10.6%–14.3%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“EP, EH, and EL treatments significantly reduced rice grain yields by 30.6%–36.2%, 42.5%–46.5%, and 10.6%–14.3%, respectively”
t0“rice yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Barnyardgrass co-culture reduced shoot dry weight and leaf photosynthetic rate during post-heading.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Organ / stage
- post-heading stagese0
- Treatment
- three kinds of barnyardgrasse0
- Outcome
- shoot dry weight, leaf photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shoot growth including shoot dry weight, leaf photosynthetic rate, zeatin (Z) and zeatin riboside (ZR) in grains, and activities of key enzymes involved in sucrose-to-starch conversion in grains and root traits, such as length density, root dry weight, total absorbing surface area, active absorption surface area, oxidation activity, and Z + ZR contents in roots were dramatically reduced during post-heading stages of rice when grown with the three kinds of barnyardgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Barnyardgrass co-culture reduced grain zeatin and zeatin riboside and sucrose-to-starch enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- grainse0
- Treatment
- three kinds of barnyardgrasse0
- Outcome
- zeatin (Z) and zeatin riboside (ZR) in grains, and activities of key enzymes involved in sucrose-to-starch conversion in grainse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shoot growth including shoot dry weight, leaf photosynthetic rate, zeatin (Z) and zeatin riboside (ZR) in grains, and activities of key enzymes involved in sucrose-to-starch conversion in grains and root traits, such as length density, root dry weight, total absorbing surface area, active absorption surface area, oxidation activity, and Z + ZR contents in roots were dramatically reduced during post-heading stages of rice when grown with the three kinds of barnyardgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Barnyardgrass co-culture reduced root length density, dry weight and total absorbing surface area.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- three kinds of barnyardgrasse0
- Outcome
- length density, root dry weight, total absorbing surface areae0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root traits, such as length density, root dry weight, total absorbing surface area, active absorption surface area, oxidation activity, and Z + ZR contents in roots were dramatically reduced during post-heading stages of rice when grown with the three kinds of barnyardgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Barnyardgrass co-culture reduced active root absorption area, oxidation activity and root Z + ZR contents.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- three kinds of barnyardgrasse0
- Outcome
- active absorption surface area, oxidation activity, and Z + ZR contents in rootse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root traits, such as length density, root dry weight, total absorbing surface area, active absorption surface area, oxidation activity, and Z + ZR contents in roots were dramatically reduced during post-heading stages of rice when grown with the three kinds of barnyardgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice shoot growth indices were strongly positively correlated with root traits.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Outcome
- shoot growth indicese0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“above-mentioned rice shoot growth indices were strongly and positively correlated with root traits”
The same questions in other papers
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See all 9 papers →Echinochloa crus-galli · physiology: enzyme activity · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
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Echinochloa crus-galli · physiology: photosynthesis · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.