Abstract
Infecting cucurbits around the world, Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) and Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) are members of the genus Potyvirus and family Potyviridae. Tropical pumpkin is grown globally in the lowland humid tropics. In Puerto Rico, tropical pumpkin is the second most important vegetable crop in economic value. In trials in Puerto Rico in 2016 and 2017, susceptible genotypes ‘Waltham’, Mos166, ‘Taína Dorada’ (2016 only), ‘Soler’ with moderate resistance to ZYMV, and resistant ‘Menina’ and ‘Nigerian Local’ were inoculated with PRSV and ZYMV and evaluated in the greenhouse and field. Mock-inoculated (buffer) controls were included. Puerto Rico strains of PRSV and ZYMV were originally collected from plants of Cucurbita moschata in Puerto Rico. Presence of virus was determined by Double Antibody Sandwich (DAS) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and symptom severity was evaluated on a 0 to 5 scale in both trials. Days to anthesis of first staminate and pistillate flower were recorded for each plot. Number of fruits, fruit weight per plant, average fruit weight, fruit and mesocarp diameter, mesocarp color, °Brix, and percentage dry matter were measured in 2017. ‘Waltham’, Mos166, ‘Taína Dorada’, and ‘Soler’ tested positive for PRSV when inoculated with PRSV and positive for ZYMV when inoculated with ZYMV. For both PRSV and ZYMV, symptom severity was less (severity = 0) in resistant genotypes ‘Menina’ and ‘Nigerian Local’ than in all other genotypes. ‘Soler’ inoculated with ZYMV exhibited less symptom severity than that of susceptible genotypes. The degree of symptom severity of ‘Soler’ inoculated with PRSV was similar to susceptible genotypes. Symptom severity in plants inoculated with ZYMV was generally greater than when inoculated with PRSV. Compared with controls, yield per plant was unaffected by inoculation with potyvirus in resistant cultivar ‘Menina’. Unexpectedly, yield in resistant ‘Nigerian Local’ was reduced an average of 45% over control plots. Yield loss was 100% in inoculated plots of susceptible ‘Waltham’. Yield reduction ranged from 35% to 80% for susceptible Mos166 and moderately resistant ‘Soler’. There was little evidence that days to anthesis, average fruit weight, fruit diameter, and fruit quality (mesocarp thickness, chroma, hue angle, °Brix and dry matter) of plants inoculated with virus were different from that of uninoculated control plants. The exception was moderately resistant ‘Soler’ where plants inoculated with ZYMV produced fruits with a 32% reduction in average weight, as well as reductions in diameter, mesocarp thickness, and color saturation (chroma) compared with controls. This was unexpected given that ‘Soler’ has some resistance to ZYMV. Greenhouse evaluations by ELISA or symptom severity were generally useful in predicting field resistance to PRSV and ZYMV. In summary, yield reductions of up to 100% can be expected in C. moschata genotypes susceptible to PRSV or ZYMV, but fruit quality traits are usually unaffected. Moderate resistance to ZYMV in ‘Soler’ was observed to reduced symptom severity but not negative effects on yield and other traits. ‘Soler’ was not resistant to PRSV. ‘Menina’ rather than ‘Nigerian Local’ appears to be the best source of resistance because yield of the former was not impacted by inoculation with either potyvirus.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Four susceptible or moderately resistant genotypes tested positive for the inoculated viruses.
- Taxon
- Cucurbita moschata
Cucurbita moschatat0 - Interactor
- PRSV
Papaya ringspot viruse0pathogen - Second interactor
- ZYMV
Zucchini yellow mosaic viruse0pathogen - Outcome
- tested positive for PRSV when inoculated with PRSV and positive for ZYMV when inoculated with ZYMVe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘Waltham’, Mos166, ‘Taína Dorada’, and ‘Soler’ tested positive for PRSV when inoculated with PRSV and positive for ZYMV when inoculated with ZYMV”
t0“Tropical Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne)”
t1“Tropical Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne)”
e1“Compared with controls, yield per plant was unaffected by inoculation with potyvirus in resistant cultivar ‘Menina’”
e2“‘Waltham’, Mos166, ‘Taína Dorada’, and ‘Soler’ tested positive for PRSV when inoculated with PRSV and positive for ZYMV when inoculated with ZYMV”
Claim · model-written summary
Menina and Nigerian Local had zero symptom severity, less than other genotypes.
- Taxon
- Cucurbita moschataCucurbita moschatat0
- Material
- ‘Menina’ and ‘Nigerian Local’e0
- Outcome
- symptom severitye0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- severity = 0e0
- Comparator
- all other genotypese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“symptom severity was less (severity = 0) in resistant genotypes ‘Menina’ and ‘Nigerian Local’ than in all other genotypes”
t0“Tropical Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne)”
t1“Tropical Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne)”
e1“Compared with controls, yield per plant was unaffected by inoculation with potyvirus in resistant cultivar ‘Menina’”
e2“‘Waltham’, Mos166, ‘Taína Dorada’, and ‘Soler’ tested positive for PRSV when inoculated with PRSV and positive for ZYMV when inoculated with ZYMV”
Claim · model-written summary
Soler had less ZYMV symptom severity than susceptible genotypes.
- Taxon
- Cucurbita moschataCucurbita moschatat0
- Material
- ‘Soler’e0
- Interactor
- ZYMVZucchini yellow mosaic viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- symptom severitye0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- susceptible genotypese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘Soler’ inoculated with ZYMV exhibited less symptom severity than that of susceptible genotypes”
t0“Tropical Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne)”
t1“Tropical Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne)”
e1“Compared with controls, yield per plant was unaffected by inoculation with potyvirus in resistant cultivar ‘Menina’”
e2“‘Waltham’, Mos166, ‘Taína Dorada’, and ‘Soler’ tested positive for PRSV when inoculated with PRSV and positive for ZYMV when inoculated with ZYMV”
Claim · model-written summary
Soler PRSV severity resembled susceptible genotypes.
- Taxon
- Cucurbita moschataCucurbita moschatat0
- Material
- ‘Soler’e0
- Interactor
- PRSVPapaya ringspot viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- symptom severitye0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- susceptible genotypese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“symptom severity of ‘Soler’ inoculated with PRSV was similar to susceptible genotypes”
t0“Tropical Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne)”
t1“Tropical Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne)”
e1“Compared with controls, yield per plant was unaffected by inoculation with potyvirus in resistant cultivar ‘Menina’”
e2“‘Waltham’, Mos166, ‘Taína Dorada’, and ‘Soler’ tested positive for PRSV when inoculated with PRSV and positive for ZYMV when inoculated with ZYMV”
Claim · model-written summary
ZYMV generally caused greater symptom severity than PRSV.
- Taxon
- Cucurbita moschataCucurbita moschatat0
- Interactor
- ZYMVZucchini yellow mosaic viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- Symptom severitye0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- PRSVe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Symptom severity in plants inoculated with ZYMV was generally greater than when inoculated with PRSV”
t0“Tropical Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne)”
t1“Tropical Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne)”
e1“Compared with controls, yield per plant was unaffected by inoculation with potyvirus in resistant cultivar ‘Menina’”
e2“‘Waltham’, Mos166, ‘Taína Dorada’, and ‘Soler’ tested positive for PRSV when inoculated with PRSV and positive for ZYMV when inoculated with ZYMV”
Claim · model-written summary
Potyvirus inoculation did not affect Menina yield relative to controls.
- Taxon
- Cucurbita moschataCucurbita moschatat0
- Material
- ‘Menina’e0
- Treatment
- inoculation with potyviruse0
- Outcome
- yield per plante0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with controls, yield per plant was unaffected by inoculation with potyvirus in resistant cultivar ‘Menina’”
t0“Tropical Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne)”
t1“Tropical Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne)”
e1“Compared with controls, yield per plant was unaffected by inoculation with potyvirus in resistant cultivar ‘Menina’”
e2“‘Waltham’, Mos166, ‘Taína Dorada’, and ‘Soler’ tested positive for PRSV when inoculated with PRSV and positive for ZYMV when inoculated with ZYMV”
Claim · model-written summary
Nigerian Local yield declined 45% relative to controls.
- Taxon
- Cucurbita moschataCucurbita moschatat0
- Material
- ‘Nigerian Local’e0
- Treatment
- inoculation with potyviruse1
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 45%e0
- Comparator
- control plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield in resistant ‘Nigerian Local’ was reduced an average of 45% over control plots”
t0“Tropical Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne)”
t1“Tropical Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne)”
e1“Compared with controls, yield per plant was unaffected by inoculation with potyvirus in resistant cultivar ‘Menina’”
e2“‘Waltham’, Mos166, ‘Taína Dorada’, and ‘Soler’ tested positive for PRSV when inoculated with PRSV and positive for ZYMV when inoculated with ZYMV”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated Waltham plots lost all yield.
- Taxon
- Cucurbita moschataCucurbita moschatat0
- Material
- ‘Waltham’e0
- Treatment
- inoculatede0
- Outcome
- Yield losse0
- Direction
- losse0
- Value
- 100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield loss was 100% in inoculated plots of susceptible ‘Waltham’”
t0“Tropical Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne)”
t1“Tropical Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne)”
e1“Compared with controls, yield per plant was unaffected by inoculation with potyvirus in resistant cultivar ‘Menina’”
e2“‘Waltham’, Mos166, ‘Taína Dorada’, and ‘Soler’ tested positive for PRSV when inoculated with PRSV and positive for ZYMV when inoculated with ZYMV”
Claim · model-written summary
Mos166 and Soler yield reductions ranged from 35% to 80%.
- Taxon
- Cucurbita moschataCucurbita moschatat0
- Material
- Mos166 and moderately resistant ‘Soler’e0
- Outcome
- Yield reductione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 35% to 80%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield reduction ranged from 35% to 80% for susceptible Mos166 and moderately resistant ‘Soler’”
t0“Tropical Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne)”
t1“Tropical Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne)”
e1“Compared with controls, yield per plant was unaffected by inoculation with potyvirus in resistant cultivar ‘Menina’”
e2“‘Waltham’, Mos166, ‘Taína Dorada’, and ‘Soler’ tested positive for PRSV when inoculated with PRSV and positive for ZYMV when inoculated with ZYMV”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation showed little evidence of differences in anthesis, fruit size and quality.
- Taxon
- Cucurbita moschataCucurbita moschatat0
- Treatment
- inoculated with viruse0
- Outcome
- days to anthesis, average fruit weight, fruit diametere0
- Direction
- little evidencee0
- Comparator
- uninoculated control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was little evidence that days to anthesis, average fruit weight, fruit diameter, and fruit quality (mesocarp thickness, chroma, hue angle, °Brix and dry matter) of plants inoculated with virus were different from that of uninoculated control plants”
t0“Tropical Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne)”
t1“Tropical Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne)”
e1“Compared with controls, yield per plant was unaffected by inoculation with potyvirus in resistant cultivar ‘Menina’”
e2“‘Waltham’, Mos166, ‘Taína Dorada’, and ‘Soler’ tested positive for PRSV when inoculated with PRSV and positive for ZYMV when inoculated with ZYMV”
Claim · model-written summary
ZYMV reduced Soler average fruit weight by 32%.
- Taxon
- Cucurbita moschataCucurbita moschatat0
- Material
- ‘Soler’e0
- Treatment
- inoculated with ZYMVe0
- Interactor
- ZYMVZucchini yellow mosaic viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- average weighte0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 32%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘Soler’ where plants inoculated with ZYMV produced fruits with a 32% reduction in average weight”
t0“Tropical Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne)”
t1“Tropical Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne)”
e1“Compared with controls, yield per plant was unaffected by inoculation with potyvirus in resistant cultivar ‘Menina’”
e2“‘Waltham’, Mos166, ‘Taína Dorada’, and ‘Soler’ tested positive for PRSV when inoculated with PRSV and positive for ZYMV when inoculated with ZYMV”
Claim · model-written summary
ZYMV reduced Soler fruit diameter, mesocarp thickness and chroma relative to controls.
- Taxon
- Cucurbita moschataCucurbita moschatat0
- Material
- ‘Soler’e2
- Treatment
- inoculated with ZYMVe2
- Outcome
- diameter, mesocarp thickness, and color saturation (chroma)e0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reductions in diameter, mesocarp thickness, and color saturation (chroma) compared with controls”
t0“Tropical Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne)”
t1“Tropical Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne)”
e1“Compared with controls, yield per plant was unaffected by inoculation with potyvirus in resistant cultivar ‘Menina’”
e2“‘Waltham’, Mos166, ‘Taína Dorada’, and ‘Soler’ tested positive for PRSV when inoculated with PRSV and positive for ZYMV when inoculated with ZYMV”
Claim · model-written summary
Greenhouse ELISA or symptom scores generally predicted field virus resistance.
- Taxon
- Cucurbita moschataCucurbita moschatat0
- Outcome
- predicting field resistance to PRSV and ZYMVe0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Greenhouse evaluations by ELISA or symptom severity were generally useful in predicting field resistance to PRSV and ZYMV”
t0“Tropical Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne)”
t1“Tropical Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne)”
e1“Compared with controls, yield per plant was unaffected by inoculation with potyvirus in resistant cultivar ‘Menina’”
e2“‘Waltham’, Mos166, ‘Taína Dorada’, and ‘Soler’ tested positive for PRSV when inoculated with PRSV and positive for ZYMV when inoculated with ZYMV”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors favored Menina over Nigerian Local as a resistance source.
- Taxon
- Cucurbita moschataCucurbita moschatat0
- Material
- ‘Menina’e0
- Outcome
- best source of resistancee0
- Comparator
- ‘Nigerian Local’e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘Menina’ rather than ‘Nigerian Local’ appears to be the best source of resistance”
t0“Tropical Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne)”
t1“Tropical Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne)”
e1“Compared with controls, yield per plant was unaffected by inoculation with potyvirus in resistant cultivar ‘Menina’”
e2“‘Waltham’, Mos166, ‘Taína Dorada’, and ‘Soler’ tested positive for PRSV when inoculated with PRSV and positive for ZYMV when inoculated with ZYMV”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · Zucchini yellow mosaic virus · Cucurbita moschata (crookneck pumpkin)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.