Abstract
The boron (B) concentration surpasses the plant need in arid and semi-arid regions of the world, resulting in phyto-toxicity. Salicylic acid (SA) is an endogenous signaling molecule responsible for stress tolerance in plants and is a potential candidate for ameliorating B toxicity. In this study, the effects of seed priming with SA (0, 50, 100 and 150 µM for 12 h) on the growth, pigmentation and mineral concentrations of maize (Zea mays L.) grown under B toxicity were investigated. One-week old seedlings were subjected to soil spiked with B (0, 15 and 30 mg kg−1 soil) as boric acid. Elevating concentrations of B reduced the root and shoot length, but these losses were significantly restored in plants raised from seeds primed with 100 µM of SA. The B application decreased the root and shoot fresh/dry biomasses significantly at 30 mg kg−1 soil. The chlorophyll and carotenoid contents decreased with increasing levels of B, while the contents of anthocyanin, H2O2, ascorbic acid (ASA) and glycinebetaine (GB) were enhanced. The root K and Ca contents were significantly increased, while a reduction in the shoot K contents was recorded. The nitrate concentration was significantly higher in the shoot as compared to the root under applied B toxic regimes. However, all of these B toxicity effects were diminished with 100 µM SA applications. The current study outcomes suggested that the exogenously applied SA modulates the response of plants grown under B toxic conditions, and hence could be used as a plant growth regulator to stimulate plant growth and enhance mineral nutrient uptake under B-stressed conditions.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated B concentrations reduced maize root and shoot length.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growth, pigmentation and mineral concentrations of maize (Zea mays L.) grown under B toxicity”
e1“Elevating concentrations of B reduced the root and shoot length, but these losses were significantly restored in plants raised from seeds primed with 100 µM of SA”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed priming with 100 µM SA significantly restored root and shoot length of maize under B toxicity.
- Treatment
- seeds primed with 100 µM of SAe1
- Outcome
- root and shoot lengthe1
- Direction
- restorede1
- Qualifier
- under B toxicitye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growth, pigmentation and mineral concentrations of maize (Zea mays L.) grown under B toxicity”
e1“Elevating concentrations of B reduced the root and shoot length, but these losses were significantly restored in plants raised from seeds primed with 100 µM of SA”
Claim · model-written summary
B application significantly decreased root and shoot fresh and dry biomass of maize at 30 mg kg−1 soil.
- Treatment
- B applicatione2
- Outcome
- root and shoot fresh/dry biomassese2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Qualifier
- 30 mg kg−1 soile2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growth, pigmentation and mineral concentrations of maize (Zea mays L.) grown under B toxicity”
e2“The B application decreased the root and shoot fresh/dry biomasses significantly at 30 mg kg−1 soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing B levels decreased chlorophyll and carotenoid contents of maize.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growth, pigmentation and mineral concentrations of maize (Zea mays L.) grown under B toxicity”
e3“The chlorophyll and carotenoid contents decreased with increasing levels of B, while the contents of anthocyanin, H2O2, ascorbic acid (ASA) and glycinebetaine (GB) were enhanced”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing B levels enhanced anthocyanin, H2O2 and ascorbic acid contents of maize.
- Treatment
- increasing levels of Be3
- Outcome
- contents of anthocyanin, H2O2, ascorbic acid (ASA)e3
- Direction
- enhancede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growth, pigmentation and mineral concentrations of maize (Zea mays L.) grown under B toxicity”
e3“The chlorophyll and carotenoid contents decreased with increasing levels of B, while the contents of anthocyanin, H2O2, ascorbic acid (ASA) and glycinebetaine (GB) were enhanced”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing B levels enhanced glycinebetaine contents of maize.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growth, pigmentation and mineral concentrations of maize (Zea mays L.) grown under B toxicity”
e3“The chlorophyll and carotenoid contents decreased with increasing levels of B, while the contents of anthocyanin, H2O2, ascorbic acid (ASA) and glycinebetaine (GB) were enhanced”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid at 100 µM diminished the B toxicity effects in maize.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growth, pigmentation and mineral concentrations of maize (Zea mays L.) grown under B toxicity”
e6“all of these B toxicity effects were diminished with 100 µM SA applications”
Claim · model-written summary
Root K and Ca contents of maize significantly increased under B toxicity.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growth, pigmentation and mineral concentrations of maize (Zea mays L.) grown under B toxicity”
e4“The root K and Ca contents were significantly increased, while a reduction in the shoot K contents was recorded”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot K contents of maize were reduced under B toxicity.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growth, pigmentation and mineral concentrations of maize (Zea mays L.) grown under B toxicity”
e4“The root K and Ca contents were significantly increased, while a reduction in the shoot K contents was recorded”
Claim · model-written summary
Under applied B toxic regimes, nitrate concentration was significantly higher in the shoot than in the root of maize.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growth, pigmentation and mineral concentrations of maize (Zea mays L.) grown under B toxicity”
e5“The nitrate concentration was significantly higher in the shoot as compared to the root under applied B toxic regimes”
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