Abstract
Abstract Brassica carinata A. Braun is a non‐edible, oilseed winter crop for biofuel production that can diversify crop rotations and improve integrated weed management. The research objective was to evaluate the influence of B. carinata on weed population dynamics in the southeastern United States cropping systems. B. carinata was grown after cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.), peanut ( Arachis hypogea L.), or a clean summer fallow, and winter weed pressure was modified with or without S ‐metolachlor. The emergence of Lamium amplexicaule L. increased at least 40% after cotton or peanut in 2018–2019 and 50% after cotton in 2019–2020 compared to summer fallow. Stellaria media (L.) Vill. emergence was increased over threefold after peanut or cotton in 2019–2020. Senna obtusifolia (L.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby emergence after cotton was increased at least 43% during both experimental years, whereas Amaranthus hybridus L. emergence was increased over 50% after peanut in 2019–2020 compared to summer fallow. Even without S ‐metolachlor, B. carinata reduced A. hybridus (>27%) and S . obtusifolia (>25%) emergence compared to weedy winter fallow. After B . carinata harvest, A. hybridus emergence was reduced >40% with or without S ‐metolachlor compared to winter fallow in 2018–2019. Overall, B . carinata biomass was highest after peanut for both seasons. B. carinata seed yield did not differ among crop history treatments in the first season, whereas in 2019–2020, the yield was higher after peanut (2417 kg ha −1 ) or fallow (2520 kg ha −1 ) compared to cotton (1710 kg ha −1 ). Weed management treatments were not different for B . carinata biomass or yield in any year. The results indicate that B. carinata can enhance integrated weed management strategies at the rotational level for summer crops by reducing seed banks of summer weed species, in addition to its potential as a winter biofuel crop for the southeastern United States.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Emergence of Lamium amplexicaule increased by at least 40% after cotton or peanut in 2018-2019, compared with summer fallow
- Taxon
- Brassica carinata
Brassica carinatat0 - Treatment
- after cotton or peanute1
- Interactor
- Lamium amplexicaule L.
Lamium amplexicaulee1weed - Outcome
- emergence of Lamium amplexicaule L.e1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- at least 40%e1
- Qualifier
- in 2018–2019e1
- Comparator
- summer fallowe1
- Setting
- southeastern United Statese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Growing winter Brassica carinata”
e0“The research objective was to evaluate the influence of B. carinata on weed population dynamics in the southeastern United States cropping systems”
e1“The emergence of Lamium amplexicaule L. increased at least 40% after cotton or peanut in 2018–2019 and 50% after cotton in 2019–2020 compared to summer fallow”
Claim · model-written summary
Emergence of Lamium amplexicaule increased by 50% after cotton in 2019-2020, compared with summer fallow
- Taxon
- Brassica carinataBrassica carinatat0
- Treatment
- after cottone1
- Interactor
- Lamium amplexicaule L.Lamium amplexicaulee1weed
- Outcome
- emergence of Lamium amplexicaule L.e1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 50%e1
- Qualifier
- in 2019–2020e1
- Comparator
- summer fallowe1
- Setting
- southeastern United Statese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Growing winter Brassica carinata”
e0“The research objective was to evaluate the influence of B. carinata on weed population dynamics in the southeastern United States cropping systems”
e1“The emergence of Lamium amplexicaule L. increased at least 40% after cotton or peanut in 2018–2019 and 50% after cotton in 2019–2020 compared to summer fallow”
Claim · model-written summary
Emergence of Stellaria media increased over threefold after peanut or cotton in 2019-2020
- Taxon
- Brassica carinataBrassica carinatat0
- Treatment
- after peanut or cottone2
- Interactor
- Stellaria media (L.) Vill.
Stellaria mediae2weed - Outcome
- Stellaria media (L.) Vill. emergencee2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- over threefolde2
- Qualifier
- in 2019–2020e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Growing winter Brassica carinata”
e2“Stellaria media (L.) Vill. emergence was increased over threefold after peanut or cotton in 2019–2020”
Claim · model-written summary
Emergence of Senna obtusifolia increased at least 43% after cotton during both experimental years
- Taxon
- Brassica carinataBrassica carinatat0
- Treatment
- after cottone3
- Interactor
- Senna obtusifolia (L.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
Senna obtusifoliae3weed - Outcome
- Senna obtusifolia (L.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby emergencee3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- at least 43%e3
- Qualifier
- during both experimental yearse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Growing winter Brassica carinata”
e3“Senna obtusifolia (L.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby emergence after cotton was increased at least 43% during both experimental years”
Claim · model-written summary
Emergence of Amaranthus hybridus increased over 50% after peanut in 2019-2020, compared with summer fallow
- Taxon
- Brassica carinataBrassica carinatat0
- Treatment
- after peanute4
- Interactor
- Amaranthus hybridus L.
Amaranthus hybriduse4weed - Outcome
- Amaranthus hybridus L. emergencee4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- over 50%e4
- Qualifier
- in 2019–2020e4
- Comparator
- summer fallowe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Growing winter Brassica carinata”
e4“Amaranthus hybridus L. emergence was increased over 50% after peanut in 2019–2020 compared to summer fallow”
Claim · model-written summary
Winter B. carinata reduced Amaranthus hybridus emergence by more than 27% compared with weedy winter fallow, even without S-metolachlor
- Taxon
- Brassica carinataBrassica carinatat0
- Treatment
- B. carinatae5
- Interactor
- A. hybridusAmaranthus hybriduse5weed
- Outcome
- emergencee5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Value
- >27%e5
- Comparator
- weedy winter fallowe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Growing winter Brassica carinata”
e5“B. carinata reduced A. hybridus (>27%) and S . obtusifolia (>25%) emergence compared to weedy winter fallow”
Claim · model-written summary
Winter B. carinata reduced Senna obtusifolia emergence by more than 25% compared with weedy winter fallow
- Taxon
- Brassica carinataBrassica carinatat0
- Treatment
- B. carinatae5
- Interactor
- S . obtusifoliaSenna obtusifoliae5weed
- Outcome
- emergencee5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Value
- >25%e5
- Comparator
- weedy winter fallowe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Growing winter Brassica carinata”
e5“B. carinata reduced A. hybridus (>27%) and S . obtusifolia (>25%) emergence compared to weedy winter fallow”
Claim · model-written summary
After B. carinata harvest, Amaranthus hybridus emergence was reduced by more than 40% compared with winter fallow in 2018-2019
- Taxon
- Brassica carinataBrassica carinatat0
- Treatment
- After B . carinata harveste6
- Interactor
- A. hybridusAmaranthus hybriduse6weed
- Outcome
- emergencee6
- Direction
- reducede6
- Value
- >40%e6
- Qualifier
- in 2018–2019e7
- Comparator
- winter fallowe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Growing winter Brassica carinata”
e6“After B . carinata harvest, A. hybridus emergence was reduced >40%”
e7“compared to winter fallow in 2018–2019”
Claim · model-written summary
Brassica carinata biomass was highest after peanut in both seasons
- Taxon
- Brassica carinataBrassica carinatat0
- Treatment
- after peanute1
- Outcome
- biomasse1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Qualifier
- for both seasonse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Growing winter Brassica carinata”
e1“biomass was highest after peanut for both seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Brassica carinata seed yield did not differ among crop history treatments in the first season
- Taxon
- Brassica carinataBrassica carinatat0
- Treatment
- crop history treatmentse1
- Outcome
- seed yielde1
- Direction
- did not differe1
- Qualifier
- in the first seasone1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Growing winter Brassica carinata”
e1“B. carinata seed yield did not differ among crop history treatments in the first season”
Claim · model-written summary
Brassica carinata seed yield was 2417 kg ha-1 after peanut, higher than after cotton (1710 kg ha-1) in 2019-2020
- Taxon
- Brassica carinataBrassica carinatat0
- Treatment
- after peanute1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 2417 kg ha −1e1
- Qualifier
- in 2019–2020e1
- Comparator
- cottone1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Growing winter Brassica carinata”
e1“in 2019–2020, the yield was higher after peanut (2417 kg ha −1 ) or fallow (2520 kg ha −1 ) compared to cotton (1710 kg ha −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Brassica carinata seed yield was 2520 kg ha-1 after fallow, higher than after cotton (1710 kg ha-1) in 2019-2020
- Taxon
- Brassica carinataBrassica carinatat0
- Treatment
- fallowe1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 2520 kg ha −1e1
- Qualifier
- in 2019–2020e1
- Comparator
- cottone1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Growing winter Brassica carinata”
e1“in 2019–2020, the yield was higher after peanut (2417 kg ha −1 ) or fallow (2520 kg ha −1 ) compared to cotton (1710 kg ha −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed management treatments did not change Brassica carinata biomass or yield in any year
- Taxon
- Brassica carinataBrassica carinatat0
- Treatment
- Weed management treatmentse1
- Outcome
- biomass or yielde1
- Direction
- were not differente1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Growing winter Brassica carinata”
e1“Weed management treatments were not different for B . carinata biomass or yield in any year”
Claim · model-written summary
Winter B. carinata may enhance integrated weed management at the rotational level by reducing seed banks of summer weeds
- Taxon
- B. carinataBrassica carinatae1
- Outcome
- integrated weed management strategiese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The results indicate that B. carinata can enhance integrated weed management strategies at the rotational level for summer crops by reducing seed banks of summer weed species”
The same questions in other papers
Arachis hypogaea · yield · Brassica carinata (Ethiopian mustard)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
herbicide · yield · Brassica carinata (Ethiopian mustard)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.