Abstract
Abstract Alternative methods of rice ( Oryza sativa L.) irrigation are gaining increasing popularity across the U.S. Mid‐South, but an allowable soil moisture deficit stress has not been defined. This study was conducted in 2018 and 2019 to determine the soil moisture threshold for furrow‐irrigated rice (FIR) and alternate wetting and drying (AWD) rice production systems to minimize irrigation water use while maximizing grain and milling yield. Soil moisture thresholds of −15, −30, and −45 kPa, as determined by Watermark sensors at a 10‐cm depth in the top third of the field, were compared with conventional flood rice (CFR) on a Calloway silt loam and a Sharkey clay in eastern Arkansas. Soil moisture threshold had no effect on grain or milling yield across irrigation thresholds; however, the bottom third of FIR, where a flood was held, consistently produced higher grain yield (10,652–10,965 kg ha −1 ) than the top third (9,442–9,722 kg ha −1 ). Significant differences in irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) were achieved under AWD and FIR. The IWUE did not differ across AWD irrigation thresholds but was 58.1–103.8% greater than that of CFR. The −15 and −30 kPa FIR thresholds did not improve IWUE, but using a −45 kPa irrigation threshold resulted in a 42.7% greater IWUE than CFR and 66.0% greater than the −15 kPa threshold. Results suggest that using a −45 kPa irrigation threshold at the 10‐cm depth can potentially maintain grain and milling yield while increasing IWUE under AWD and FIR.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Soil moisture threshold did not affect rice grain or milling yield.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- Soil moisture thresholde0
- Outcome
- grain or milling yielde0
- Direction
- no effecte0
- Comparator
- across irrigation thresholdse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil moisture threshold had no effect on grain or milling yield across irrigation thresholds”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The flooded bottom third of furrow-irrigated rice had higher grain yield than the top third.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 10,652–10,965 kg ha −1e0
- Qualifier
- 9,442–9,722 kg ha −1e0
- Comparator
- top thirde0
- Setting
- bottom third of FIRe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bottom third of FIR, where a flood was held, consistently produced higher grain yield (10,652–10,965 kg ha −1 ) than the top third (9,442–9,722 kg ha −1 )”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation water use efficiency did not differ among alternate wetting and drying thresholds.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AWD irrigation thresholdse0
- Outcome
- IWUEe0
- Direction
- did not differe0
- Comparator
- across AWD irrigation thresholdse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The IWUE did not differ across AWD irrigation thresholds”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Alternate wetting and drying improved water use efficiency by 58.1–103.8% over conventional flooding.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AWDe1
- Outcome
- IWUEe1
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 58.1–103.8%e0
- Comparator
- CFRe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was 58.1–103.8% greater than that of CFR”
e1“IWUE did not differ across AWD irrigation thresholds”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Furrow irrigation at −15 kPa did not improve water use efficiency.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- −15e0
- Outcome
- IWUEe0
- Direction
- did not improvee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The −15 and −30 kPa FIR thresholds did not improve IWUE”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Furrow irrigation at −30 kPa did not improve water use efficiency.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- −30 kPa FIR thresholdse0
- Outcome
- IWUEe0
- Direction
- did not improvee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The −15 and −30 kPa FIR thresholds did not improve IWUE”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Furrow irrigation at −45 kPa increased water use efficiency 42.7% over conventional flooding.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- −45 kPa irrigation thresholde0
- Outcome
- IWUEe0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 42.7%e0
- Comparator
- CFRe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using a −45 kPa irrigation threshold resulted in a 42.7% greater IWUE than CFR”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Furrow irrigation at −45 kPa increased water use efficiency 66.0% over −15 kPa.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- −45 kPa irrigation thresholde0
- Outcome
- IWUEe0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 66.0%e0
- Comparator
- −15 kPa thresholde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using a −45 kPa irrigation threshold resulted in a 42.7% greater IWUE than CFR and 66.0% greater than the −15 kPa threshold”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest a −45 kPa threshold at 10 cm to maintain yield and increase irrigation water use efficiency in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- −45 kPa irrigation thresholde0
- Outcome
- maintain grain and milling yield while increasing IWUEe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using a −45 kPa irrigation threshold at the 10‐cm depth can potentially maintain grain and milling yield while increasing IWUE under AWD and FIR”
t0“rice”
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