Abstract
The cabbage whitefly (CW), Aleyrodes proletella (L.) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is an important pest in Brassica oleracea L. crops. Little is known about the mechanisms of resistance to CW of savoy cabbage and kale cultivars. Light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis were used to determine the relationship between the morphological and anatomical features of savoy cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. convar. capitata (L.) Alef. var. sabauda L.) and kale (Brassica oleracea L. convar. acephala (DC.) Alef. var. sabellica L.) leaves and host suitability to colonization by CW. Two kale cultivars, “Redbor” and “Starbor”, and two savoy cabbage cultivars, “Gloriosa” and “Alcosa”, that differed in the degree of infestation by A. proletella were taken for histological analysis. The lowest infestation by all forms of A. proletella was observed on savoy cabbage cultivar “Alcosa” and kale cultivar “Starbor”. The reduced colonization by cabbage whitefly may be related to the structure of the epidermis and the anatomical features of the leaf. The leaves of “Starbor” and “Alcosa” had more folds in the epidermis, less numerous but larger stomata, and a more compact mesophyll structure compared to “Redbor” and “Gloriosa”. In both analysed species, there was no clear relationship between the thickness of the abaxial epidermal layer, thickness of the lamina, number of vascular bundles, and degree of infestation by the cabbage whitefly. This study identified promising sources of resistance to A. proletella among cultivars of savoy cabbage and kale. Varying infestation by CW was associated with morphological and anatomical characteristics of leaves. Further study is needed to confirm the relationship between insect resistance and leaf surface and morphological characteristics of leaves in a broader range of Brassica spp.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Savoy cabbage Alcosa had the lowest infestation by all forms of A. proletella.
- Taxon
- savoy cabbagee0
- Material
- “Alcosa”e0
- Interactor
- A. proletella
Aleyrodes proletellae0pest - Outcome
- infestation by all forms of A. proletellae0
- Direction
- loweste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lowest infestation by all forms of A. proletella was observed on savoy cabbage cultivar “Alcosa” and kale cultivar “Starbor””
Claim · model-written summary
Kale Starbor had the lowest infestation by all forms of A. proletella.
- Taxon
- kale
Brassica oleracea var. viridise0 - Material
- “Starbor”e0
- Interactor
- A. proletellaAleyrodes proletellae0pest
- Outcome
- infestation by all forms of A. proletellae0
- Direction
- loweste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lowest infestation by all forms of A. proletella was observed on savoy cabbage cultivar “Alcosa” and kale cultivar “Starbor””
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced whitefly colonization may be related to epidermal structure and leaf anatomy.
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Interactor
- cabbage whiteflye0pest
- Outcome
- colonization by cabbage whiteflye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The reduced colonization by cabbage whitefly may be related to the structure of the epidermis and the anatomical features of the leaf”
Claim · model-written summary
Starbor and Alcosa leaves had more epidermal folds than Redbor and Gloriosa.
- Material
- “Starbor” and “Alcosa”e0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Outcome
- folds in the epidermise0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- “Redbor” and “Gloriosa”e0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The leaves of “Starbor” and “Alcosa” had more folds in the epidermis, less numerous but larger stomata, and a more compact mesophyll structure compared to “Redbor” and “Gloriosa””
Claim · model-written summary
Starbor and Alcosa leaves had fewer stomata than Redbor and Gloriosa.
- Material
- “Starbor” and “Alcosa”e0
- Outcome
- stomatae0
- Direction
- less numerouse0
- Comparator
- “Redbor” and “Gloriosa”e0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The leaves of “Starbor” and “Alcosa” had more folds in the epidermis, less numerous but larger stomata, and a more compact mesophyll structure compared to “Redbor” and “Gloriosa””
Claim · model-written summary
Starbor and Alcosa leaves had larger stomata than Redbor and Gloriosa.
- Material
- “Starbor” and “Alcosa”e0
- Outcome
- stomatae0
- Direction
- largere0
- Comparator
- “Redbor” and “Gloriosa”e0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The leaves of “Starbor” and “Alcosa” had more folds in the epidermis, less numerous but larger stomata, and a more compact mesophyll structure compared to “Redbor” and “Gloriosa””
Claim · model-written summary
Starbor and Alcosa leaves had more compact mesophyll than Redbor and Gloriosa.
- Material
- “Starbor” and “Alcosa”e0
- Outcome
- mesophyll structuree0
- Direction
- more compacte0
- Comparator
- “Redbor” and “Gloriosa”e0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The leaves of “Starbor” and “Alcosa” had more folds in the epidermis, less numerous but larger stomata, and a more compact mesophyll structure compared to “Redbor” and “Gloriosa””
Claim · model-written summary
Abaxial epidermal thickness, lamina thickness and vascular bundle number showed no clear relationship with whitefly infestation.
- Organ / stage
- abaxial epidermal layere0
- Interactor
- cabbage whiteflye0pest
- Outcome
- degree of infestation by the cabbage whiteflye0
- Direction
- no clear relationshipe0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“In both analysed species, there was no clear relationship between the thickness of the abaxial epidermal layer, thickness of the lamina, number of vascular bundles, and degree of infestation by the cabbage whitefly”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identified promising resistance sources to A. proletella among savoy cabbage and kale cultivars.
- Taxon
- savoy cabbage and kalee0
- Interactor
- A. proletellaAleyrodes proletellae0pest
- Outcome
- promising sources of resistance to A. proletellae0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study identified promising sources of resistance to A. proletella among cultivars of savoy cabbage and kale”
Claim · model-written summary
Whitefly infestation varied with leaf morphological and anatomical characteristics.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“Varying infestation by CW was associated with morphological and anatomical characteristics of leaves”