Abstract
Research on organic fertilizers are of crucial importance for sustainable production systems with high efficiency of natural resource use. The objective of this study was to evaluate organic sources of fertilization (boiled manure (BM), effective microorganism (EM) Bokashi, and Penergetic) for their effects on agronomic variables (fruit size and yield, total soluble solids) and on foliar powdery mildew severity of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). The crops were grown during two cropping cycles in protected cultivation. The treatments were: Control (water only); 50 g per plant of EM Bokashi compost in two applications; Penergetic at 1.5 g L−1 applied to the substrate before planting or sprayed on the plants 14 days after transplanting; and BM at 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, and 10% concentrations (vol/vol) in water, via fertigation. Fruit production and quality were assessed. The effects of treatments on powdery mildew (Leveillula taurica Lév. G. Arnaud) were analyzed by using a diagrammatic scale. Bokashi, 10% BM, and Penergetic increased fruit production of the first three fruit trusses. Bokashi treatment increased tomato fruit diameter. The effects on fruit length and total soluble solids varied with each crop cycle. Powdery mildew severity increased with 10% BM, compared to the control. Both 10% BM and Penergetic presented similar fruit production to Bokashi and are good candidates as substitutes for Bokashi as organic fertilizers/amendments while maintaining tomato yield.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Bokashi increased production of the first three tomato fruit trusses.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- Bokashie0
- Outcome
- fruit production of the first three fruit trussese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bokashi, 10% BM, and Penergetic increased fruit production of the first three fruit trusses.”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
10% BM increased production of the first three tomato fruit trusses.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 10% BMe0
- Outcome
- fruit production of the first three fruit trussese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bokashi, 10% BM, and Penergetic increased fruit production of the first three fruit trusses.”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Penergetic increased production of the first three tomato fruit trusses.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Penergetice0
- Outcome
- fruit production of the first three fruit trussese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bokashi, 10% BM, and Penergetic increased fruit production of the first three fruit trusses.”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Bokashi increased tomato fruit diameter.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Bokashie0
- Outcome
- tomato fruit diametere0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bokashi treatment increased tomato fruit diameter.”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment effects on tomato fruit length varied by crop cycle.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- fruit lengthe0
- Qualifier
- varied with each crop cyclee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects on fruit length and total soluble solids varied with each crop cycle.”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment effects on tomato total soluble solids varied by crop cycle.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- total soluble solidse0
- Qualifier
- varied with each crop cyclee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects on fruit length and total soluble solids varied with each crop cycle.”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
10% BM increased powdery mildew severity relative to control.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 10% BMe0
- Outcome
- Powdery mildew severitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Powdery mildew severity increased with 10% BM, compared to the control.”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
10% BM had similar fruit production to Bokashi.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 10% BMe0
- Outcome
- fruit productione0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- Bokashie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both 10% BM and Penergetic presented similar fruit production to Bokashi”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Penergetic had similar fruit production to Bokashi.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Penergetice0
- Outcome
- fruit productione0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- Bokashie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both 10% BM and Penergetic presented similar fruit production to Bokashi”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose 10% BM as a Bokashi substitute while maintaining tomato yield.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- 10% BMe0
- Comparator
- Bokashie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both 10% BM and Penergetic presented similar fruit production to Bokashi and are good candidates as substitutes for Bokashi as organic fertilizers/amendments while maintaining tomato yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose Penergetic as a Bokashi substitute while maintaining tomato yield.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- Penergetice0
- Comparator
- Bokashie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both 10% BM and Penergetic presented similar fruit production to Bokashi and are good candidates as substitutes for Bokashi as organic fertilizers/amendments while maintaining tomato yield.”
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