Abstract
The challenge that the world is facing has been to maximize food production to feed the increasing population. Further, agriculture at present encompasses many problems such as stagnating food-grain production, multi-nutrient deficiency, declining fertilizer response, reduction in land availability for cultivation, environmental pollution and land degradation. To manage long term soil fertility, productivity as well as environment quality, efficient nutrient management practices integration can be the most efficient planting practices to adopt. Therefor a field experiment was conducted during 2016-17 at Crop Research Centre of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut (U.P.). The treatments comprised of all possible combinations of the two factors viz., efficient planting techniques (05) as main plot factor and precision nitrogen management strategies (05) as sub plot factor and replicated thrice. Experimental results revealed that the yield attributes number of grains spike-1, spike length (cm), numbers of spikelet spike-1 and test weight increased significantly in FIRB plots. The improvement in grain yield 28.9 and 23.2% due to land configuration under FIRB and zero tillage plots, respectively over roto till practices. The FIRB and zero tillage increased the water productivity of 29.2 and 16.2% over conventional, reduced and roro tillage treatments. Among precision N management practices, targeted yield and SPAD produced significantly higher nitrogen and potassium partial factor productivity. Target yield based N management resulted significantly higher agronomic efficiency, apparent recovery and physiological efficiency but nitrogen physiological efficiency in SPAD. The yield attributes and grain yield were significantly higher in nitrogen management F3 and F5 (SPAD and LCC), over rest of nitrogen management. The highest net return (Rs.54685) was obtained with ZTW> FIRB> RT> CTW> RTW. Among different precision nutrient management practices maximum net return (Rs.58865) was found in targeted yield which is very similar with SPAD (Rs. 52970). Moreover, Net return was obtained with targeted yield >SPAD>LCC>100% RDF>control. However, benefit cost ratio was found to be highest (1.75) with targeted yield which also closely with SPAD (1.65) and lowest with control (1.07). The results suggest that FIRB and ZT with targeted yield and SPAD based nitrogen management were optimum and sustainable strategy to achieve higher yield and also to improve water productivity and profitability in inceptisol soil of western Uttar Pradesh.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
FIRB significantly increased grains per spike, spike length, spikelets per spike and test weight.
- Treatment
- FIRB plotse0
- Outcome
- number of grains spike-1, spike length (cm), numbers of spikelet spike-1 and test weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“yield attributes number of grains spike-1, spike length (cm), numbers of spikelet spike-1 and test weight increased significantly in FIRB plots”
Claim · model-written summary
FIRB improved grain yield by 28.9% over roto tillage.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“improvement in grain yield 28.9 and 23.2% due to land configuration under FIRB and zero tillage plots, respectively over roto till practices”
Claim · model-written summary
Zero tillage improved grain yield by 23.2% over roto tillage.
- Treatment
- zero tillage plotse0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- improvemente0
- Value
- 23.2%e0
- Comparator
- roto till practicese0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“improvement in grain yield 28.9 and 23.2% due to land configuration under FIRB and zero tillage plots, respectively over roto till practices”
Claim · model-written summary
FIRB increased water productivity by 29.2% over conventional, reduced and roto tillage.
- Treatment
- FIRBe0
- Outcome
- water productivitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 29.2e0
- Comparator
- conventional, reduced and roro tillage treatmentse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“FIRB and zero tillage increased the water productivity of 29.2 and 16.2% over conventional, reduced and roro tillage treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Zero tillage increased water productivity by 16.2% over conventional, reduced and roto tillage.
- Treatment
- zero tillagee0
- Outcome
- water productivitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 16.2%e0
- Comparator
- conventional, reduced and roro tillage treatmentse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“FIRB and zero tillage increased the water productivity of 29.2 and 16.2% over conventional, reduced and roro tillage treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Targeted yield and SPAD strategies gave significantly higher nitrogen and potassium partial factor productivity.
- Treatment
- targeted yield and SPADe0
- Outcome
- nitrogen and potassium partial factor productivitye0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“targeted yield and SPAD produced significantly higher nitrogen and potassium partial factor productivity”
Claim · model-written summary
Target yield nitrogen management gave significantly higher agronomic efficiency, apparent recovery and physiological efficiency.
- Treatment
- Target yield based N managemente0
- Outcome
- agronomic efficiency, apparent recovery and physiological efficiencye0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Target yield based N management resulted significantly higher agronomic efficiency, apparent recovery and physiological efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
SPAD was associated with higher nitrogen physiological efficiency.
Not reportedTaxonComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“but nitrogen physiological efficiency in SPAD”
Claim · model-written summary
SPAD and LCC nitrogen management gave significantly higher yield attributes and grain yield than other strategies.
- Treatment
- F3 and F5 (SPAD and LCC)e0
- Outcome
- yield attributes and grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- rest of nitrogen managemente0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“yield attributes and grain yield were significantly higher in nitrogen management F3 and F5 (SPAD and LCC), over rest of nitrogen management”
Claim · model-written summary
Zero tillage wheat had the highest net return of Rs.54685 among planting systems.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“highest net return (Rs.54685) was obtained with ZTW> FIRB> RT> CTW> RTW”
Claim · model-written summary
Targeted yield management gave maximum net return of Rs.58865.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“maximum net return (Rs.58865) was found in targeted yield”
Claim · model-written summary
SPAD management gave a net return of Rs. 52970.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“SPAD (Rs. 52970)”
Claim · model-written summary
Targeted yield management had the highest benefit cost ratio of 1.75.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“benefit cost ratio was found to be highest (1.75) with targeted yield”
Claim · model-written summary
SPAD benefit cost ratio was 1.65.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“SPAD (1.65)”
Claim · model-written summary
Control had the lowest benefit cost ratio of 1.07.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“lowest with control (1.07)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend FIRB and zero tillage with targeted yield or SPAD nitrogen management.
- Outcome
- optimum and sustainable strategy to achieve higher yield and also to improve water productivity and profitabilitye0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“FIRB and ZT with targeted yield and SPAD based nitrogen management were optimum and sustainable strategy to achieve higher yield and also to improve water productivity and profitability”