Abstract
Compatible plant viral infections are a common cause of agricultural losses worldwide. Characterization of the physiological responses controlling plant water management under combined stresses is of great interest in the current climate change scenario. We studied the outcome of TuMV infection on stomatal closure and water balance, hormonal balance and drought tolerance in Arabidopsis. TuMV infection reduced stomatal aperture concomitantly with diminished gas exchange rate, daily water consumption and rosette initial dehydration rate. Infected plants overaccumulated salicylic acid and abscisic acid and showed altered expression levels of key ABA homeostasis genes including biosynthesis and catabolism. Also the expression of ABA signalling gene ABI2 was induced and ABCG40 (which imports ABA into guard cells) was highly induced upon infection. Hypermorfic abi2-1 mutant plants, but no other ABA or SA biosynthetic, signalling or degradation mutants tested abolished both stomatal closure and low stomatal conductance phenotypes caused by TuMV. Notwithstanding lower relative water loss during infection, plants simultaneously subjected to drought and viral stresses showed higher mortality rates than mock-inoculated drought stressed controls, alongside downregulation of drought-responsive gene RD29A. Our findings indicate that despite stomatal closure triggered by TuMV, additional phenomena diminish drought tolerance upon infection.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
TuMV infection reduced stomatal aperture in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise2 - Treatment
- TuMV infectione1
- Interactor
- TuMV
Turnip mosaic viruse2pathogen - Outcome
- stomatal aperturee1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“TuMV infection reduced stomatal aperture concomitantly with diminished gas exchange rate, daily water consumption and rosette initial dehydration rate”
e2“We studied the outcome of TuMV infection on stomatal closure and water balance, hormonal balance and drought tolerance in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
TuMV infection diminished gas exchange rate, daily water consumption and rosette initial dehydration rate in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise2
- Treatment
- TuMV infectione1
- Interactor
- TuMVTurnip mosaic viruse2pathogen
- Outcome
- gas exchange rate, daily water consumption and rosette initial dehydration ratee1
- Direction
- diminishede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“TuMV infection reduced stomatal aperture concomitantly with diminished gas exchange rate, daily water consumption and rosette initial dehydration rate”
e2“We studied the outcome of TuMV infection on stomatal closure and water balance, hormonal balance and drought tolerance in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
TuMV-infected Arabidopsis overaccumulated salicylic acid and abscisic acid.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise2
- Treatment
- TuMV infectione2
- Interactor
- TuMVTurnip mosaic viruse2pathogen
- Outcome
- salicylic acid and abscisic acide3
- Direction
- overaccumulatede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“We studied the outcome of TuMV infection on stomatal closure and water balance, hormonal balance and drought tolerance in Arabidopsis”
e3“Infected plants overaccumulated salicylic acid and abscisic acid and showed altered expression levels of key ABA homeostasis genes including biosynthesis and catabolism”
Claim · model-written summary
TuMV infection altered expression levels of key ABA homeostasis genes in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise2
- Treatment
- TuMV infectione2
- Interactor
- TuMVTurnip mosaic viruse2pathogen
- Outcome
- expression levels of key ABA homeostasis genese3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“We studied the outcome of TuMV infection on stomatal closure and water balance, hormonal balance and drought tolerance in Arabidopsis”
e3“Infected plants overaccumulated salicylic acid and abscisic acid and showed altered expression levels of key ABA homeostasis genes including biosynthesis and catabolism”
Claim · model-written summary
TuMV infection induced expression of the ABA signalling gene ABI2.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise2
- Treatment
- infectione4
- Interactor
- TuMVTurnip mosaic viruse2pathogen
- Gene
- ABI2e4
- Outcome
- expressione4
- Direction
- inducede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“We studied the outcome of TuMV infection on stomatal closure and water balance, hormonal balance and drought tolerance in Arabidopsis”
e4“Also the expression of ABA signalling gene ABI2 was induced and ABCG40 (which imports ABA into guard cells) was highly induced upon infection”
Claim · model-written summary
TuMV infection highly induced expression of ABCG40 in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise2
- Treatment
- infectione4
- Interactor
- TuMVTurnip mosaic viruse2pathogen
- Gene
- ABCG40e4
- Outcome
- expressione4
- Direction
- highly inducede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“We studied the outcome of TuMV infection on stomatal closure and water balance, hormonal balance and drought tolerance in Arabidopsis”
e4“Also the expression of ABA signalling gene ABI2 was induced and ABCG40 (which imports ABA into guard cells) was highly induced upon infection”
Claim · model-written summary
The abi2-1 mutant abolished both TuMV-induced stomatal closure and low stomatal conductance.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise2
- Material
- abi2-1 mutant plantse5
- Treatment
- TuMVe5
- Interactor
- TuMVTurnip mosaic viruse2pathogen
- Gene
- abi2-1e5
- Outcome
- stomatal closure and low stomatal conductance phenotypese5
- Direction
- abolishede5
- Comparator
- no other ABA or SA biosynthetic, signalling or degradation mutants testede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“We studied the outcome of TuMV infection on stomatal closure and water balance, hormonal balance and drought tolerance in Arabidopsis”
e5“Hypermorfic abi2-1 mutant plants, but no other ABA or SA biosynthetic, signalling or degradation mutants tested abolished both stomatal closure and low stomatal conductance phenotypes caused by TuMV”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA or SA biosynthetic, signalling or degradation mutants other than abi2-1 did not abolish the TuMV-induced stomatal phenotypes.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise2
- Material
- ABA or SA biosynthetic, signalling or degradation mutantse5
- Treatment
- TuMVe5
- Interactor
- TuMVTurnip mosaic viruse2pathogen
- Outcome
- stomatal closure and low stomatal conductance phenotypese5
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“We studied the outcome of TuMV infection on stomatal closure and water balance, hormonal balance and drought tolerance in Arabidopsis”
e5“Hypermorfic abi2-1 mutant plants, but no other ABA or SA biosynthetic, signalling or degradation mutants tested abolished both stomatal closure and low stomatal conductance phenotypes caused by TuMV”
Claim · model-written summary
TuMV infection lowered relative water loss in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise2
- Treatment
- infectione6
- Interactor
- TuMVTurnip mosaic viruse2pathogen
- Outcome
- relative water losse6
- Direction
- lowere6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“We studied the outcome of TuMV infection on stomatal closure and water balance, hormonal balance and drought tolerance in Arabidopsis”
e6“Notwithstanding lower relative water loss during infection, plants simultaneously subjected to drought and viral stresses showed higher mortality rates than mock-inoculated drought stressed controls, alongside downregulation of drought-responsive gene RD29A”
Claim · model-written summary
Plants under combined drought and viral stress had higher mortality than mock-inoculated drought-stressed controls.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise2
- Treatment
- drought and viral stressese6
- Interactor
- TuMVTurnip mosaic viruse2pathogen
- Outcome
- mortality ratese6
- Direction
- highere6
- Comparator
- mock-inoculated drought stressed controlse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“We studied the outcome of TuMV infection on stomatal closure and water balance, hormonal balance and drought tolerance in Arabidopsis”
e6“Notwithstanding lower relative water loss during infection, plants simultaneously subjected to drought and viral stresses showed higher mortality rates than mock-inoculated drought stressed controls, alongside downregulation of drought-responsive gene RD29A”
Claim · model-written summary
Under combined drought and viral stress, the drought-responsive gene RD29A was downregulated.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise2
- Treatment
- drought and viral stressese6
- Interactor
- TuMVTurnip mosaic viruse2pathogen
- Gene
- RD29Ae6
- Outcome
- drought-responsive genee6
- Direction
- downregulatione6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“We studied the outcome of TuMV infection on stomatal closure and water balance, hormonal balance and drought tolerance in Arabidopsis”
e6“Notwithstanding lower relative water loss during infection, plants simultaneously subjected to drought and viral stresses showed higher mortality rates than mock-inoculated drought stressed controls, alongside downregulation of drought-responsive gene RD29A”
Claim · model-written summary
TuMV infection diminishes drought tolerance in Arabidopsis, despite the stomatal closure it triggers.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise2
- Treatment
- TuMVe7
- Interactor
- TuMVTurnip mosaic viruse2pathogen
- Outcome
- drought tolerancee7
- Direction
- diminishe7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“We studied the outcome of TuMV infection on stomatal closure and water balance, hormonal balance and drought tolerance in Arabidopsis”
e7“Our findings indicate that despite stomatal closure triggered by TuMV, additional phenomena diminish drought tolerance upon infection”