Abstract
Summary This experiment was conducted in the screenhouse of the Department of Nematology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India, in 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 during the Rabi (winter) season to evaluated organic amendments with and without nematicide for the management of the cereal cyst nematode, Heterodera avenae , in wheat. Organic amendments – castor cake, neem cake, vermi compost and farmyard manure (FYM), individually or with Carbofuran 3G (25 mg pot −1 ) – were applied in pots 10 days before sowing. All organic amendments significantly reduced the nematode population compared to the inoculated control in both years. The higher doses of the amendments were better at controlling H. avenae than the lower dose. Among the organic amendments, neem cake significantly reduced nematode reproduction compared to other amendments. Significantly fewer cysts, 75 (kg soil) −1 , were found in treatment with neem cake at 20 g (kg soil) −1 combined with nematicide. The greatest plant growth parameters were observed under castor cake at 20 g (kg soil) −1 in combination with nematicide. Combined applications of organic amendments with the synthetic nematicide were better than without nematicide.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
All organic amendments significantly reduced the nematode population compared with the inoculated control in both years.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- organic amendmentse1
- Interactor
- Heterodera avenae
.jpg?width=60)
Heterodera avenaet0pathogen - Outcome
- nematode populatione1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- inoculated controle1
- Setting
- screenhousee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“management of Heterodera avenae in wheat”
e1“All organic amendments significantly reduced the nematode population compared to the inoculated control in both years”
e0“This experiment was conducted in the screenhouse of the Department of Nematology”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher doses of the organic amendments controlled Heterodera avenae better than the lower dose.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- higher doses of the amendmentse2
- Interactor
- H. avenaeHeterodera avenaee2pathogen
- Outcome
- controlling H. avenaee2
- Direction
- bettere2
- Comparator
- lower dosee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“management of Heterodera avenae in wheat”
e2“The higher doses of the amendments were better at controlling H. avenae than the lower dose”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem cake significantly reduced nematode reproduction compared with the other organic amendments.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- neem cakee3
- Interactor
- Heterodera avenaeHeterodera avenaet0pathogen
- Outcome
- nematode reproductione3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Comparator
- other amendmentse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“management of Heterodera avenae in wheat”
e3“Among the organic amendments, neem cake significantly reduced nematode reproduction compared to other amendments”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem cake at 20 g per kg soil combined with nematicide gave significantly fewer cysts, 75 per kg soil.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- neem cake at 20 g (kg soil) −1 combined with nematicidee4
- Interactor
- Heterodera avenaeHeterodera avenaet0pathogen
- Outcome
- cystse4
- Direction
- fewere4
- Value
- 75 (kg soil) −1e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“management of Heterodera avenae in wheat”
e4“Significantly fewer cysts, 75 (kg soil) −1 , were found in treatment with neem cake at 20 g (kg soil) −1 combined with nematicide”
Claim · model-written summary
Castor cake at 20 g per kg soil combined with nematicide gave the greatest plant growth parameters.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- castor cake at 20 g (kg soil) −1 in combination with nematicidee5
- Outcome
- plant growth parameterse5
- Direction
- greateste5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“management of Heterodera avenae in wheat”
e5“The greatest plant growth parameters were observed under castor cake at 20 g (kg soil) −1 in combination with nematicide”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined applications of organic amendments with the synthetic nematicide were better than without nematicide.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Combined applications of organic amendments with the synthetic nematicidee6
- Outcome
- better than without nematicidee6
- Direction
- bettere6
- Comparator
- without nematicidee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“management of Heterodera avenae in wheat”
e6“Combined applications of organic amendments with the synthetic nematicide were better than without nematicide”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.