Abstract
To mitigate environmental pollution and food contamination caused by inappropriate and excessive herbicide usage, most potent herbicides should be screened to control rice weeds. A research trial was executed for assessing the comparative efficacy of different herbicides to control rice field weeds and to evaluate the toxicity on rice under normal (distilled water) as well as different salinity levels (4 and 8 dS m−1). The study was designed to select the most potent herbicide and its appropriate dose for weed control of rice crop in coastal areas. Fourteen herbicidal treatments were included weed free crop, Pretilachlor (0.25, 0.50, 0.375 and 0.75 kg a.i. ha−1), Propanil + Thiobencarb (0.6 + 1.2, 0.9 + 1.8, 1.2 + 2.4 and 1.8 + 3.6 kg a.i. ha−1), Bensulfuron + MCPA (0.03 + 0.05, 0.045 + 0.075, 0.06 + 0.1 and 0.09 + 0.15 kg a.i. ha−1) and weedy check (control). The results revealed that all tested herbicides in higher than recommended doses for non-saline rice fields were effective in controlling Cyperus iria, Echinochloa colona (salt-tolerant) and Jussiaea linifolia but showed in light injury in rice plants grown in non-saline soils. These higher doses of herbicides recorded severe crop injury under saline conditions indicating their differential efficacy from normal non-saline conditions. Treatments including Pretilachlor (0.375kg a.i. ha−1), Propanil + Thiobencarb (0.9 + 1.8 kg ai/ha), Bensulfuron + MCPA (0.06 + 0.1 kg a.i. ha−1) and Pretilachlor (0.50 kg a.i. ha−1) remained superior in terms of weed control and grain yield production under all salinitylevels at TanjungKarang, Malaysia. It is concluded that herbicides respond differently under saline conditions and optimization of their doses potentially prevent herbicidal injury in rice plants.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Higher than recommended herbicide doses were effective in controlling Cyperus iria, Echinochloa colona and Jussiaea linifolia.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- higher than recommended dosese1
- Interactor
- Cyperus iria
.jpg?width=60)
Cyperus iriae1weed - Second interactor
- Echinochloa colona
Echinochloa colonae1weed - Outcome
- controllinge1
- Direction
- effectivee1
- Qualifier
- Jussiaea linifoliae1
- Comparator
- recommended dosese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“to control rice field weeds and to evaluate the toxicity on rice under normal”
e1“all tested herbicides in higher than recommended doses for non-saline rice fields were effective in controlling Cyperus iria, Echinochloa colona (salt-tolerant) and Jussiaea linifolia but showed in light injury in rice plants grown in non-saline soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher than recommended herbicide doses caused light injury to rice grown in non-saline soils.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- higher than recommended dosese1
- Outcome
- light injurye1
- Direction
- lighte1
- Setting
- non-saline soilse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to control rice field weeds and to evaluate the toxicity on rice under normal”
e1“all tested herbicides in higher than recommended doses for non-saline rice fields were effective in controlling Cyperus iria, Echinochloa colona (salt-tolerant) and Jussiaea linifolia but showed in light injury in rice plants grown in non-saline soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher herbicide doses caused severe crop injury under saline conditions.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- higher doses of herbicidese3
- Outcome
- crop injurye3
- Direction
- severee3
- Comparator
- non-saline conditionse3
- Setting
- saline conditionse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to control rice field weeds and to evaluate the toxicity on rice under normal”
e3“These higher doses of herbicides recorded severe crop injury under saline conditions indicating their differential efficacy from normal non-saline conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Pretilachlor at 0.375 kg a.i. ha−1 remained superior in weed control and grain yield under all salinity levels at Tanjung Karang, Malaysia.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Pretilachlor (0.375kg a.i. ha−1)e4
- Outcome
- weed control and grain yield productione4
- Direction
- remained superiore4
- Qualifier
- under all salinitylevelse4
- Setting
- TanjungKarang, Malaysiae4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to control rice field weeds and to evaluate the toxicity on rice under normal”
e4“Treatments including Pretilachlor (0.375kg a.i. ha−1), Propanil + Thiobencarb (0.9 + 1.8 kg ai/ha), Bensulfuron + MCPA (0.06 + 0.1 kg a.i. ha−1) and Pretilachlor (0.50 kg a.i. ha−1) remained superior in terms of weed control and grain yield production under all salinitylevels at TanjungKarang, Malaysia”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimizing herbicide doses can potentially prevent herbicidal injury in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae5
- Outcome
- prevent herbicidal injurye5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“optimization of their doses potentially prevent herbicidal injury in rice plants”
The same questions in other papers
Pretilachlor · weed · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ
146 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
146 papers more in this group
See all 150 papers →herbicide · crop injury · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
42 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
49 papers more in this group
See all 53 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.