Abstract
Five PRE herbicides were applied at below maximum registered use rates to the same bermudagrass turf plots for three consecutive years for large crabgrass and goosegrass control. In most instances, full labeled herbicide rates were needed for acceptable large crabgrass and goosegrass control during the 1st year of treatment. All herbicides controlled large crabgrass but not goosegrass during the 1st year. Weed management programs that utilized the lowest herbicide rates while maintaining ≥ 80% control during the 2nd and 3rd years varied with herbicides. The programs for large crabgrass were prodiamine at 0.8 kg ha −1 the 1st year followed by 0.2 kg ha −1 the 2nd and 3rd years; oryzalin at 2.2 kg ha −1 the 1st year followed by 0.6 kg ha −1 the 2nd and 3rd years; dithiopyr at 0.3 kg ha −1 the 1st year followed by 0.1 kg ha −1 the 2nd and 3rd years; pendimethalin at 1.7 kg ha −1 the 1st year followed by 0.8 kg ha −1 the 2nd and 3rd years; and oxadiazon at 3.4 kg hha −1 the 1st year followed by 2.5 kg ha −1 the 2nd year and 1.7 kg ha −1 the 3rd year. The programs for goosegrass were prodiamine at 0.8 kg ha −1 followed by 0.6 kg ha −1 the 2nd and 0.4 kg ha −1 the 3rd year; dithiopyr at 0.8 kg ha −1 the 1st year followed by 0.4 kg ha −1 the 2nd and 3rd years; pendimethalin at 3.4 kg ha −1 the 1st year followed by 1.7 kg ha −1 the 2nd year and 0.8 kg ha −1 the 3rd year; and oxadiazon at 3.4 kg ha −1 followed by 0.8 kg ha −1 the 2nd and 3rd years. Because goosegrass control with oryzalin at reduced rates was unacceptable during the 1st and 2nd years, this herbicide should not be used in a reduced rate program. The quality of common bermudagrass was not affected by reduced herbicide rates.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Full labeled rates were generally needed for acceptable first-year crabgrass and goosegrass control.
- Taxon
- bermudagrass
Cynodon dactylont0 - Interactor
- large crabgrasse0weed
- Second interactor
- goosegrasse0weed
- Outcome
- large crabgrass and goosegrass controle0
- Qualifier
- 1st year of treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In most instances, full labeled herbicide rates were needed for acceptable large crabgrass and goosegrass control during the 1st year of treatment.”
t0“bermudagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
All tested herbicides controlled large crabgrass in the first year.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- All herbicidese0
- Interactor
- large crabgrasse0weed
- Outcome
- large crabgrasse0
- Direction
- controllede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All herbicides controlled large crabgrass but not goosegrass during the 1st year.”
t0“bermudagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
The herbicides did not control goosegrass in the first year.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- All herbicidese0
- Interactor
- goosegrasse0weed
- Outcome
- goosegrasse0
- Direction
- not goosegrasse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All herbicides controlled large crabgrass but not goosegrass during the 1st year.”
t0“bermudagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced-rate programs maintaining at least 80% control in years two and three differed by herbicide.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Outcome
- controle0
- Value
- ≥ 80%e0
- Qualifier
- 2nd and 3rd yearse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weed management programs that utilized the lowest herbicide rates while maintaining ≥ 80% control during the 2nd and 3rd years varied with herbicides.”
t0“bermudagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
A declining prodiamine schedule controlled large crabgrass.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- prodiamine at 0.8 kg ha −1 the 1st year followed by 0.2 kg ha −1 the 2nd and 3rd yearse0
- Interactor
- large crabgrasse0weed
- Outcome
- large crabgrasse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The programs for large crabgrass were prodiamine at 0.8 kg ha −1 the 1st year followed by 0.2 kg ha −1 the 2nd and 3rd years”
t0“bermudagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
A declining oryzalin schedule controlled large crabgrass.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- oryzalin at 2.2 kg ha −1 the 1st year followed by 0.6 kg ha −1 the 2nd and 3rd yearse0
- Interactor
- large crabgrasst0weed
- Outcome
- large crabgrasst0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“oryzalin at 2.2 kg ha −1 the 1st year followed by 0.6 kg ha −1 the 2nd and 3rd years”
t0“Reduced herbicide rates for large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) and goosegrass (Eleusine indica) control in bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon)”
Claim · model-written summary
A declining dithiopyr schedule controlled large crabgrass.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- dithiopyr at 0.3 kg ha −1 the 1st year followed by 0.1 kg ha −1 the 2nd and 3rd yearse0
- Interactor
- large crabgrasst0weed
- Outcome
- large crabgrasst0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dithiopyr at 0.3 kg ha −1 the 1st year followed by 0.1 kg ha −1 the 2nd and 3rd years”
t0“Reduced herbicide rates for large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) and goosegrass (Eleusine indica) control in bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon)”
Claim · model-written summary
A declining pendimethalin schedule controlled large crabgrass.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- pendimethalin at 1.7 kg ha −1 the 1st year followed by 0.8 kg ha −1 the 2nd and 3rd yearse0
- Interactor
- large crabgrasst0weed
- Outcome
- large crabgrasst0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pendimethalin at 1.7 kg ha −1 the 1st year followed by 0.8 kg ha −1 the 2nd and 3rd years”
t0“Reduced herbicide rates for large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) and goosegrass (Eleusine indica) control in bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon)”
Claim · model-written summary
A declining oxadiazon schedule controlled large crabgrass.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- oxadiazon at 3.4 kg hha −1 the 1st year followed by 2.5 kg ha −1 the 2nd year and 1.7 kg ha −1 the 3rd yeare0
- Interactor
- large crabgrasst0weed
- Outcome
- large crabgrasst0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“oxadiazon at 3.4 kg hha −1 the 1st year followed by 2.5 kg ha −1 the 2nd year and 1.7 kg ha −1 the 3rd year.”
t0“Reduced herbicide rates for large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) and goosegrass (Eleusine indica) control in bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon)”
Claim · model-written summary
A declining prodiamine schedule controlled goosegrass.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- prodiamine at 0.8 kg ha −1 followed by 0.6 kg ha −1 the 2nd and 0.4 kg ha −1 the 3rd yeare0
- Interactor
- goosegrasst0weed
- Outcome
- goosegrasst0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“prodiamine at 0.8 kg ha −1 followed by 0.6 kg ha −1 the 2nd and 0.4 kg ha −1 the 3rd year”
t0“Reduced herbicide rates for large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) and goosegrass (Eleusine indica) control in bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon)”
Claim · model-written summary
A declining dithiopyr schedule controlled goosegrass.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- dithiopyr at 0.8 kg ha −1 the 1st year followed by 0.4 kg ha −1 the 2nd and 3rd yearse0
- Interactor
- goosegrasst0weed
- Outcome
- goosegrasst0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dithiopyr at 0.8 kg ha −1 the 1st year followed by 0.4 kg ha −1 the 2nd and 3rd years”
t0“Reduced herbicide rates for large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) and goosegrass (Eleusine indica) control in bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon)”
Claim · model-written summary
A declining pendimethalin schedule controlled goosegrass.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- pendimethalin at 3.4 kg ha −1 the 1st year followed by 1.7 kg ha −1 the 2nd year and 0.8 kg ha −1 the 3rd yeare0
- Interactor
- goosegrasst0weed
- Outcome
- goosegrasst0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pendimethalin at 3.4 kg ha −1 the 1st year followed by 1.7 kg ha −1 the 2nd year and 0.8 kg ha −1 the 3rd year”
t0“Reduced herbicide rates for large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) and goosegrass (Eleusine indica) control in bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon)”
Claim · model-written summary
A declining oxadiazon schedule controlled goosegrass.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- oxadiazon at 3.4 kg ha −1 followed by 0.8 kg ha −1 the 2nd and 3rd yearse0
- Interactor
- goosegrasst0weed
- Outcome
- goosegrasst0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“oxadiazon at 3.4 kg ha −1 followed by 0.8 kg ha −1 the 2nd and 3rd years.”
t0“Reduced herbicide rates for large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) and goosegrass (Eleusine indica) control in bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon)”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced oryzalin rates gave unacceptable goosegrass control in years one and two.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- oryzalin at reduced ratese0
- Interactor
- goosegrasse0weed
- Outcome
- goosegrass controle0
- Direction
- unacceptablee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Because goosegrass control with oryzalin at reduced rates was unacceptable during the 1st and 2nd years”
t0“bermudagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Oryzalin should not be used in a reduced-rate goosegrass program.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Outcome
- reduced rate programe0
- Qualifier
- reduced rate programe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this herbicide should not be used in a reduced rate program.”
t0“Reduced herbicide rates for large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) and goosegrass (Eleusine indica) control in bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon)”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced herbicide rates did not affect common bermudagrass quality.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The quality of common bermudagrass was not affected by reduced herbicide rates.”
The same questions in other papers
herbicide · quality: general · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.