Abstract
The sowing method and planting density of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) are two important tools for enhancing crop productivity and quality while reducing weeds infestation. This study was conducted to explore how to weed infestation, crop morphology, yield-related traits and fiber quality of cotton may be improved through the sowing method and planting density. Cotton line PB-896 was cultivated and hand thinned to maintain 59, 259 plants ha -1 , 44,444 plants ha -1 and 35, 555 plants ha -1 under three sowing methods (flat sowing, ridge sowing, and bed sowing) at Postgraduate Agriculture Research Station (PARS), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab during 2017 and 2018. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with a split-plot arrangement. Obtained results revealed that ridge sowing of cotton reduced the weed density by 25% in comparison to flat sowing. However, bed sowing of cotton increased the sympodial branches, opened bolls plant -1 , lint yield, seed index, and seed cotton yield by 48%, 52%, 38%, 39%, and 50% respectively as compared to flat sowing. Higher planting density found to be more efficient in weed reduction, however, lower planting density improved the monopodial branches (18%), total bolls plant -1 (14%), boll weight (16%), seed index (17%), and seed cotton yield (23%) than higher planting density. In terms of fiber quality, sowing methods only influenced the fiber uniformity that was comparatively higher in bed planting, while planting density only increased the fiber fineness that was better in lower planting density. In conclusion, the bed sowing method along with lower planting density found to be more efficient in improving crop morphology, yield, and yield-related traits.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Ridge sowing reduced weed density in cotton by 25% compared with flat sowing.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume0 - Treatment
- ridge sowinge1
- Interactor
- weede1weed
- Outcome
- weed densitye1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 25%e1
- Comparator
- flat sowinge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)”
e1“ridge sowing of cotton reduced the weed density by 25% in comparison to flat sowing”
Claim · model-written summary
Bed sowing increased sympodial branches in cotton by 48% compared with flat sowing.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- bed sowinge1
- Outcome
- sympodial branchese1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 48%e1
- Comparator
- flat sowinge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)”
e1“bed sowing of cotton increased the sympodial branches, opened bolls plant -1 , lint yield, seed index, and seed cotton yield by 48%, 52%, 38%, 39%, and 50% respectively as compared to flat sowing”
Claim · model-written summary
Bed sowing increased opened bolls plant -1 in cotton by 52% compared with flat sowing.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- bed sowinge1
- Outcome
- opened bolls plant -1e1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 52%e1
- Comparator
- flat sowinge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)”
e1“bed sowing of cotton increased the sympodial branches, opened bolls plant -1 , lint yield, seed index, and seed cotton yield by 48%, 52%, 38%, 39%, and 50% respectively as compared to flat sowing”
Claim · model-written summary
Bed sowing increased lint yield in cotton by 38% compared with flat sowing.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- bed sowinge1
- Outcome
- lint yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 38%e1
- Comparator
- flat sowinge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)”
e1“bed sowing of cotton increased the sympodial branches, opened bolls plant -1 , lint yield, seed index, and seed cotton yield by 48%, 52%, 38%, 39%, and 50% respectively as compared to flat sowing”
Claim · model-written summary
Bed sowing increased seed index in cotton by 39% compared with flat sowing.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- bed sowinge1
- Outcome
- seed indexe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 39%e1
- Comparator
- flat sowinge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)”
e1“bed sowing of cotton increased the sympodial branches, opened bolls plant -1 , lint yield, seed index, and seed cotton yield by 48%, 52%, 38%, 39%, and 50% respectively as compared to flat sowing”
Claim · model-written summary
Bed sowing increased seed cotton yield in cotton by 50% compared with flat sowing.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- bed sowinge1
- Outcome
- seed cotton yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 50%e1
- Comparator
- flat sowinge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)”
e1“bed sowing of cotton increased the sympodial branches, opened bolls plant -1 , lint yield, seed index, and seed cotton yield by 48%, 52%, 38%, 39%, and 50% respectively as compared to flat sowing”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher planting density was more efficient than lower planting density in reducing weeds in cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- Higher planting densitye1
- Interactor
- weede1weed
- Outcome
- weed reductione1
- Direction
- more efficiente1
- Comparator
- lower planting densitye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)”
e1“Higher planting density found to be more efficient in weed reduction, however, lower planting density improved the monopodial branches (18%), total bolls plant -1 (14%), boll weight (16%), seed index (17%), and seed cotton yield (23%) than higher planting density”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower planting density improved monopodial branches in cotton by 18% compared with higher planting density.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- lower planting densitye1
- Outcome
- monopodial branchese1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 18%e1
- Comparator
- higher planting densitye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)”
e1“Higher planting density found to be more efficient in weed reduction, however, lower planting density improved the monopodial branches (18%), total bolls plant -1 (14%), boll weight (16%), seed index (17%), and seed cotton yield (23%) than higher planting density”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower planting density improved total bolls plant -1 in cotton by 14% compared with higher planting density.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- lower planting densitye1
- Outcome
- total bolls plant -1e1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 14%e1
- Comparator
- higher planting densitye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)”
e1“Higher planting density found to be more efficient in weed reduction, however, lower planting density improved the monopodial branches (18%), total bolls plant -1 (14%), boll weight (16%), seed index (17%), and seed cotton yield (23%) than higher planting density”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower planting density improved boll weight in cotton by 16% compared with higher planting density.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- lower planting densitye1
- Outcome
- boll weighte1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 16%e1
- Comparator
- higher planting densitye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)”
e1“Higher planting density found to be more efficient in weed reduction, however, lower planting density improved the monopodial branches (18%), total bolls plant -1 (14%), boll weight (16%), seed index (17%), and seed cotton yield (23%) than higher planting density”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower planting density improved seed index in cotton by 17% compared with higher planting density.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- lower planting densitye1
- Outcome
- seed indexe1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 17%e1
- Comparator
- higher planting densitye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)”
e1“Higher planting density found to be more efficient in weed reduction, however, lower planting density improved the monopodial branches (18%), total bolls plant -1 (14%), boll weight (16%), seed index (17%), and seed cotton yield (23%) than higher planting density”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower planting density improved seed cotton yield in cotton by 23% compared with higher planting density.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- lower planting densitye1
- Outcome
- seed cotton yielde1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 23%e1
- Comparator
- higher planting densitye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)”
e1“Higher planting density found to be more efficient in weed reduction, however, lower planting density improved the monopodial branches (18%), total bolls plant -1 (14%), boll weight (16%), seed index (17%), and seed cotton yield (23%) than higher planting density”
Claim · model-written summary
Sowing method influenced fiber uniformity in cotton, which was comparatively higher in bed planting.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- sowing methodse1
- Outcome
- fiber uniformitye1
- Direction
- comparatively highere1
- Qualifier
- in bed plantinge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)”
e1“sowing methods only influenced the fiber uniformity that was comparatively higher in bed planting”
Claim · model-written summary
Planting density increased fiber fineness in cotton, which was better at lower planting density.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- planting densitye1
- Outcome
- fiber finenesse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- better in lower planting densitye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)”
e1“planting density only increased the fiber fineness that was better in lower planting density”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend bed sowing with lower planting density to improve cotton morphology, yield and yield-related traits.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- bed sowing method along with lower planting densitye1
- Outcome
- crop morphology, yield, and yield-related traitse1
- Direction
- more efficiente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)”
e1“the bed sowing method along with lower planting density found to be more efficient in improving crop morphology, yield, and yield-related traits”
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See all 171 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.