Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is a limited natural reserve and a major limiting factor for global crop production. The adverse soil biogeochemical characteristics of alkaline-calcareous soils make P the least available macronutrient. Therefore, alternative P source such as rock phosphate (RP) can offer a promising choice for sustainable P supply under P stress environment. A pot research was executed to explore the response of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) to sparingly soluble P sources grown under P deficient environment at research area, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha during 2018. The experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with eight treatments replicated thrice. The treatments consisted of T 1 = NK + P 0 (Control); T 2 = NPK (Recommended dose); T 3 = NK + Rock phosphate at 7 g pot -1 ; T 4 = NPK + Rock phosphate at 7 g pot -1 ; T 5 = NK + Rock phosphate at 7 g pot -1 + Wheat straw at 14 g pot -1 ; T 6 = NK + Rock phosphate at 7 g pot -1 + Wheat straw at 28 g pot -1 ; T 7 = NK + Rock phosphate at 7 g pot -1 + Rice straw at 14 g pot -1 ; T 8 = NK + Rock phosphate at 7 g pot -1 + Rice straw at 28 g pot -1 . Observations on various growth and yield parameters of crop were recorded using standard procedures and noted data was examined with a statistical software Statistix 8.1 analysis of variance technique and significant of treatments was tested using LSD test at probability level of 5%. The maximum fresh biomass (95.50 g), dry biomass (25.73 g), plant height (110.90 cm), head size (21.36 cm), number of achene haed -1 (864) and achene yield plant -1 (32.16 g) of sunflower was observed with application of NK + Rock phosphate at 7 g pot -1 + Wheat straw at 28 g pot -1 (T 6 ) in cultivar Hysun-33. While, lowest value of fresh biomass (72.73 g), dry biomass (15.72 g), head size (16.63 cm), achene head -1 (711), achene yield plant -1 (18.36 g) was noted under NK + P 0 (T 1 ) treatment in Agwara-3. Among the tested sunflower cultivars, Hysun-33 showed superiority over Agwara-4.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
The T6 amendment produced the maximum fresh biomass in Hysun-33.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuuse0 - Material
- Hysun-33e0
- Treatment
- NK + Rock phosphate at 7 g pot -1 + Wheat straw at 28 g pot -1e0
- Outcome
- fresh biomasse0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 95.50 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum fresh biomass (95.50 g), dry biomass (25.73 g), plant height (110.90 cm), head size (21.36 cm), number of achene haed -1 (864) and achene yield plant -1 (32.16 g) of sunflower was observed with application of NK + Rock phosphate at 7 g pot -1 + Wheat straw at 28 g pot -1 (T 6 ) in cultivar Hysun-33.”
Claim · model-written summary
The T6 amendment produced the maximum dry biomass in Hysun-33.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Material
- Hysun-33e0
- Treatment
- NK + Rock phosphate at 7 g pot -1 + Wheat straw at 28 g pot -1e0
- Outcome
- dry biomasse0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 25.73 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum fresh biomass (95.50 g), dry biomass (25.73 g), plant height (110.90 cm), head size (21.36 cm), number of achene haed -1 (864) and achene yield plant -1 (32.16 g) of sunflower was observed with application of NK + Rock phosphate at 7 g pot -1 + Wheat straw at 28 g pot -1 (T 6 ) in cultivar Hysun-33.”
Claim · model-written summary
The T6 amendment produced the maximum plant height in Hysun-33.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Material
- Hysun-33e0
- Treatment
- NK + Rock phosphate at 7 g pot -1 + Wheat straw at 28 g pot -1e0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 110.90 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum fresh biomass (95.50 g), dry biomass (25.73 g), plant height (110.90 cm), head size (21.36 cm), number of achene haed -1 (864) and achene yield plant -1 (32.16 g) of sunflower was observed with application of NK + Rock phosphate at 7 g pot -1 + Wheat straw at 28 g pot -1 (T 6 ) in cultivar Hysun-33.”
Claim · model-written summary
The T6 amendment produced the maximum head size in Hysun-33.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Material
- Hysun-33e0
- Treatment
- NK + Rock phosphate at 7 g pot -1 + Wheat straw at 28 g pot -1e0
- Outcome
- head sizee0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 21.36 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum fresh biomass (95.50 g), dry biomass (25.73 g), plant height (110.90 cm), head size (21.36 cm), number of achene haed -1 (864) and achene yield plant -1 (32.16 g) of sunflower was observed with application of NK + Rock phosphate at 7 g pot -1 + Wheat straw at 28 g pot -1 (T 6 ) in cultivar Hysun-33.”
Claim · model-written summary
The T6 amendment produced the maximum number of achene haed -1 in Hysun-33.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Material
- Hysun-33e0
- Treatment
- NK + Rock phosphate at 7 g pot -1 + Wheat straw at 28 g pot -1e0
- Outcome
- number of achene haed -1e0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 864e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum fresh biomass (95.50 g), dry biomass (25.73 g), plant height (110.90 cm), head size (21.36 cm), number of achene haed -1 (864) and achene yield plant -1 (32.16 g) of sunflower was observed with application of NK + Rock phosphate at 7 g pot -1 + Wheat straw at 28 g pot -1 (T 6 ) in cultivar Hysun-33.”
Claim · model-written summary
The T6 amendment produced the maximum achene yield plant -1 in Hysun-33.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Material
- Hysun-33e0
- Treatment
- NK + Rock phosphate at 7 g pot -1 + Wheat straw at 28 g pot -1e0
- Outcome
- achene yield plant -1e0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 32.16 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum fresh biomass (95.50 g), dry biomass (25.73 g), plant height (110.90 cm), head size (21.36 cm), number of achene haed -1 (864) and achene yield plant -1 (32.16 g) of sunflower was observed with application of NK + Rock phosphate at 7 g pot -1 + Wheat straw at 28 g pot -1 (T 6 ) in cultivar Hysun-33.”
Claim · model-written summary
The T1 treatment had the lowest fresh biomass in Agwara-3.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- Agwara-3e0
- Treatment
- NK + P 0 (T 1 )e0
- Outcome
- fresh biomasse0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 72.73 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower”
e0“lowest value of fresh biomass (72.73 g), dry biomass (15.72 g), head size (16.63 cm), achene head -1 (711), achene yield plant -1 (18.36 g) was noted under NK + P 0 (T 1 ) treatment in Agwara-3.”
Claim · model-written summary
The T1 treatment had the lowest dry biomass in Agwara-3.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- Agwara-3e0
- Treatment
- NK + P 0 (T 1 )e0
- Outcome
- dry biomasse0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 15.72 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower”
e0“lowest value of fresh biomass (72.73 g), dry biomass (15.72 g), head size (16.63 cm), achene head -1 (711), achene yield plant -1 (18.36 g) was noted under NK + P 0 (T 1 ) treatment in Agwara-3.”
Claim · model-written summary
The T1 treatment had the lowest head size in Agwara-3.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- Agwara-3e0
- Treatment
- NK + P 0 (T 1 )e0
- Outcome
- head sizee0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 16.63 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower”
e0“lowest value of fresh biomass (72.73 g), dry biomass (15.72 g), head size (16.63 cm), achene head -1 (711), achene yield plant -1 (18.36 g) was noted under NK + P 0 (T 1 ) treatment in Agwara-3.”
Claim · model-written summary
The T1 treatment had the lowest achene head -1 in Agwara-3.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- Agwara-3e0
- Treatment
- NK + P 0 (T 1 )e0
- Outcome
- achene head -1e0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 711e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower”
e0“lowest value of fresh biomass (72.73 g), dry biomass (15.72 g), head size (16.63 cm), achene head -1 (711), achene yield plant -1 (18.36 g) was noted under NK + P 0 (T 1 ) treatment in Agwara-3.”
Claim · model-written summary
The T1 treatment had the lowest achene yield plant -1 in Agwara-3.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- Agwara-3e0
- Treatment
- NK + P 0 (T 1 )e0
- Outcome
- achene yield plant -1e0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 18.36 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower”
e0“lowest value of fresh biomass (72.73 g), dry biomass (15.72 g), head size (16.63 cm), achene head -1 (711), achene yield plant -1 (18.36 g) was noted under NK + P 0 (T 1 ) treatment in Agwara-3.”
Claim · model-written summary
Hysun-33 was superior to Agwara-4 among tested sunflower cultivars.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- Hysun-33e0
- Outcome
- superioritye0
- Direction
- superioritye0
- Comparator
- Agwara-4e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower”
e0“Among the tested sunflower cultivars, Hysun-33 showed superiority over Agwara-4.”
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