Abstract
Abstract Sustainable practices are key to the improvement of soil fertility and quality in apple ( Malus × domestica Borkh.) orchards. Rootstock genotype and fertilizer inputs can alter soil biology, as well as aboveground traits including nutrient acquisition. In this study, a factorial design was used to assess the interaction between two apple rootstocks, ‘Geneva 41’ (‘G.41’) and ‘Malling 9’ (‘M.9’) with four fertilizer treatments [chicken‐litter compost, yardwaste compost, fertigation using Ca(NO 3 ) 2 , and an unamended control]. The bacterial community in the rhizosphere was assessed for its impact on both plant and soil properties for each rootstock × fertilizer treatment combination. The bacterial community was dominated by Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Planctomycetes, but Verrucomicrobia and Chloroflexi were the most responsive to the fertilizer treatments. The chicken litter and yardwaste treatments had a greater effect on bacterial community structure than the control. Yardwaste, in particular, was associated with increased relative abundance of Chloroflexi, which was correlated with soil nutrient concentrations. Malling 9 had a greater bacterial diversity than G.41, but the rootstock treatment had no independent effect on the rhizosphere community structure. There was, however, a strong interaction between the rootstock and fertilizer treatments. Carbon cycling was the most prominent functional change associated with the soil bacterial community. These results suggest that compost amendments have a more positive effect on soil bacterial activity and nutrient availability than Ca(NO 3 ) 2 . Our work shows that waste‐stream amendments can lead to multiple positive responses, such as increasing aboveground tree biomass, thus potentially improving orchard productivity.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Yardwaste compost was associated with increased relative abundance of Chloroflexi in the apple rhizosphere.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- Yardwastee0
- Outcome
- relative abundance of Chloroflexie0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yardwaste, in particular, was associated with increased relative abundance of Chloroflexi, which was correlated with soil nutrient concentrations”
t0“Compost applications increase bacterial community diversity in the apple rhizosphere”
Claim · model-written summary
Chicken litter and yardwaste compost had a greater effect on rhizosphere bacterial community structure than the control in apple.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- chicken litter and yardwaste treatmentse0
- Outcome
- bacterial community structuree0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The chicken litter and yardwaste treatments had a greater effect on bacterial community structure than the control”
t0“Compost applications increase bacterial community diversity in the apple rhizosphere”
Claim · model-written summary
Malling 9 apple rootstock had greater bacterial diversity in the rhizosphere than G.41.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Malling 9e0
- Outcome
- bacterial diversitye0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- G.41e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Malling 9 had a greater bacterial diversity than G.41”
t0“Compost applications increase bacterial community diversity in the apple rhizosphere”
Claim · model-written summary
The rootstock treatment had no independent effect on the rhizosphere bacterial community structure in apple.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- rootstock treatmente0
- Outcome
- rhizosphere community structuree0
- Direction
- no independent effecte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the rootstock treatment had no independent effect on the rhizosphere community structure”
t0“Compost applications increase bacterial community diversity in the apple rhizosphere”
Claim · model-written summary
A strong interaction between rootstock and fertilizer treatments was found for the apple rhizosphere bacterial community.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- rootstock and fertilizer treatmentse0
- Outcome
- interactione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was, however, a strong interaction between the rootstock and fertilizer treatments”
t0“Compost applications increase bacterial community diversity in the apple rhizosphere”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbon cycling was the most prominent functional change associated with the apple rhizosphere bacterial community.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- Carbon cyclinge0
- Qualifier
- most prominent functional changee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Carbon cycling was the most prominent functional change associated with the soil bacterial community”
t0“Compost applications increase bacterial community diversity in the apple rhizosphere”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost amendments had a more positive effect than Ca(NO3)2 on soil bacterial activity and nutrient availability.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- compost amendmentse0
- Outcome
- soil bacterial activity and nutrient availabilitye0
- Direction
- more positivee0
- Comparator
- Ca(NO 3 ) 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These results suggest that compost amendments have a more positive effect on soil bacterial activity and nutrient availability than Ca(NO 3 ) 2”
t0“Compost applications increase bacterial community diversity in the apple rhizosphere”
Claim · model-written summary
Waste-stream compost amendments may increase aboveground tree biomass in apple orchards and so improve productivity.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- aboveground tree biomasse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“such as increasing aboveground tree biomass, thus potentially improving orchard productivity”
t0“Compost applications increase bacterial community diversity in the apple rhizosphere”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative abundance of Chloroflexi in the apple rhizosphere was correlated with soil nutrient concentrations after yardwaste compost.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Yardwastee0
- Outcome
- soil nutrient concentrationse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yardwaste, in particular, was associated with increased relative abundance of Chloroflexi, which was correlated with soil nutrient concentrations”
t0“Compost applications increase bacterial community diversity in the apple rhizosphere”
Claim · model-written summary
The apple rhizosphere bacterial community was dominated by Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria and Planctomycetes.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- bacterial communitye0
- Qualifier
- dominated by Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Planctomycetese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The bacterial community was dominated by Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Planctomycetes”
t0“Compost applications increase bacterial community diversity in the apple rhizosphere”
Claim · model-written summary
Verrucomicrobia and Chloroflexi were the most responsive bacterial groups to the fertilizer treatments in apple rhizosphere.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- fertilizer treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Verrucomicrobia and Chloroflexie0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Verrucomicrobia and Chloroflexi were the most responsive to the fertilizer treatments”
t0“Compost applications increase bacterial community diversity in the apple rhizosphere”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · soil: biology · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
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- positive
- negative
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See all 11 papers →other · soil: biology · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.