Abstract
The European sunflower moth, Homoesoma nebulellum (Denis et Schiffermüller), emerged as a major new pest in Bayannur, China, in 2006. Insecticidal control with a single application is problematic because timing is critical, and multiple applications increase production and environmental costs. Management of H. nebulellum by planting date adjustment can be effective, but the optimal time window for late planting is unknown. Natural levels of H. nebulellum infestation were compared among sunflowers planted on five dates from April 25 to June 5 in two years, and the relationship between timing of adult abundance and flowering assessed. Delaying planting of sunflower from the traditional planting period of April 25 -May 5 to May 15 -June 5 significantly decreased damage by H. nebulellum. Seed infestation rate was 30-40 times higher, and number of larvae/head 75-100 times higher in the earliest two plantings than in the latest two. Within two years of implementing delayed planting in Bayannur city, infestation area decreased from 72% in 2006 to 1.5% in 2008, and production losses decreased from 4.5 ton/ha in 2006 to 0.36 ton/ha in 2008, a 97% decrease compared to 2006. Moreover, the infestation area caused by H. nebulellum was continuously controlled below 5.3% of the planting area since 2008. We found the overlap between the first two days of flowering and peak adult presence was the key factor influencing level of damage caused by H. nebulellum. Because the number of eggs laid in the first two days of flowering accounted for 68% of the total, and sunflower seed infestation rate was positively correlated with the number of trapped adults weighted by proportion of daily oviposition. Oviposition of the majority of eggs in the first two days of flowering suggests an evolutionary mechanism whereby females choose host plants most conducive to larval development, consistent with the preference-performance hypothesis.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Delaying sunflower planting from April 25-May 5 to May 15-June 5 significantly decreased damage by H. nebulellum.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuuse0 - Treatment
- Delaying plantinge0
- Interactor
- H. nebulellume0pest
- Outcome
- damagee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- May 15 -June 5e0
- Comparator
- traditional planting period of April 25 -May 5e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Delaying planting of sunflower from the traditional planting period of April 25 -May 5 to May 15 -June 5 significantly decreased damage by H. nebulellum”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed infestation rate was 30-40 times higher in the earliest two plantings than in the latest two.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- earliest two plantingse0
- Outcome
- Seed infestation ratee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 30-40 timese0
- Comparator
- the latest twoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed infestation rate was 30-40 times higher, and number of larvae/head 75-100 times higher in the earliest two plantings than in the latest two”
e1“damage to sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Number of larvae per head was 75-100 times higher in the earliest two plantings than in the latest two.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- earliest two plantingse0
- Outcome
- number of larvae/heade0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 75-100 timese0
- Comparator
- the latest twoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed infestation rate was 30-40 times higher, and number of larvae/head 75-100 times higher in the earliest two plantings than in the latest two”
e1“damage to sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
After delayed planting was implemented in Bayannur city, the infestation area decreased from 72% in 2006 to 1.5% in 2008.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- delayed plantinge0
- Outcome
- infestation areae0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 72% in 2006 to 1.5% in 2008e0
- Comparator
- 2006e0
- Setting
- Bayannur citye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Within two years of implementing delayed planting in Bayannur city, infestation area decreased from 72% in 2006 to 1.5% in 2008, and production losses decreased from 4.5 ton/ha in 2006 to 0.36 ton/ha in 2008, a 97% decrease compared to 2006”
e1“damage to sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
After delayed planting was implemented in Bayannur city, production losses decreased from 4.5 ton/ha in 2006 to 0.36 ton/ha in 2008, a 97% decrease.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- delayed plantinge0
- Outcome
- production lossese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 4.5 ton/ha in 2006 to 0.36 ton/ha in 2008e0
- Comparator
- 2006e0
- Setting
- Bayannur citye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Within two years of implementing delayed planting in Bayannur city, infestation area decreased from 72% in 2006 to 1.5% in 2008, and production losses decreased from 4.5 ton/ha in 2006 to 0.36 ton/ha in 2008, a 97% decrease compared to 2006”
e1“damage to sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Since 2008 the infestation area caused by H. nebulellum was continuously held below 5.3% of the planting area.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Interactor
- H. nebulellume0pest
- Outcome
- infestation areae0
- Value
- 5.3%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the infestation area caused by H. nebulellum was continuously controlled below 5.3% of the planting area since 2008”
e1“damage to sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Overlap between the first two days of flowering and peak adult presence was the key factor influencing the level of damage caused by H. nebulellum.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Interactor
- H. nebulellume0pest
- Outcome
- level of damagee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the overlap between the first two days of flowering and peak adult presence was the key factor influencing level of damage caused by H. nebulellum”
e1“damage to sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
The number of eggs laid in the first two days of flowering accounted for 68% of the total.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Outcome
- number of eggs laide0
- Value
- 68%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the number of eggs laid in the first two days of flowering accounted for 68% of the total”
e1“damage to sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflower seed infestation rate was positively correlated with the number of trapped adults weighted by proportion of daily oviposition.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Organ / stage
- seede0
- Outcome
- seed infestation ratee0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sunflower seed infestation rate was positively correlated with the number of trapped adults weighted by proportion of daily oviposition”
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38 papers in the same direction as this paper · 13 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
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See all 53 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.