Abstract
Abstract Two field experiments were conducted on the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (7° 15′ N, 3° 25′ E, altitude 140 m above sea level) in south western Nigeria between June and November, 2012 to evaluate the performance of two sunflower varieties (SAMSUN-3 and Funtua) as affected by different sowing dates and organic fertilizer application. The experiment was laid out in split–split plot design with sowing dates as main plot, organic fertilizer as sub-plot and variety as sub-sub-plot, and replicated three times. Sowing date significantly ( P ≤0.05) increased and reduced number of phenological days to flowering of early and late sown sunflower, respectively. Funtua (a local adapted variety) matured 7 days later than SAMSUN-3 (recently released variety) when sown late. Application of organic fertilizer significantly ( P ≤0.05) increased plant height of early and late sown sunflower. Delay in sowing till first week in September significantly ( P ≤0.05) reduced head diameter, number of seeds per head and seed yield of late sown sunflower. Oil and protein contents of seeds from early and late sown sunflower plants were significantly ( P ≤0.05) increased by organic fertilizer application, except protein content of late sown sunflower. However, it significantly ( P ≤0.05) increased oil yield by 23% relative to the control in the late sown sunflower. Based on the comparatively high seed yield (850.45–1,525.78 kg/ha) recorded in our study, it is recommended that sunflower be sown in the forest–savanna transition zone in early July or second to third week in August.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Sowing date significantly increased days to flowering for early-sown sunflower.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuuse0 - Treatment
- Sowing datee0
- Outcome
- number of phenological days to floweringe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- earlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sowing date significantly ( P ≤0.05) increased and reduced number of phenological days to flowering of early and late sown sunflower, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Sowing date significantly reduced days to flowering for late-sown sunflower.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- Sowing datee0
- Outcome
- number of phenological days to floweringe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- latee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sowing date significantly ( P ≤0.05) increased and reduced number of phenological days to flowering of early and late sown sunflower, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Late-sown Funtua matured seven days later than SAMSUN-3.
- Material
- Funtuae0
- Outcome
- maturede0
- Direction
- latere0
- Value
- 7 dayse0
- Qualifier
- when sown latee0
- Comparator
- SAMSUN-3e0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Funtua (a local adapted variety) matured 7 days later than SAMSUN-3 (recently released variety) when sown late”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer significantly increased plant height of early-sown sunflower.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- organic fertilizere0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- earlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of organic fertilizer significantly ( P ≤0.05) increased plant height of early and late sown sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer significantly increased plant height of late-sown sunflower.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- organic fertilizere0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- latee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of organic fertilizer significantly ( P ≤0.05) increased plant height of early and late sown sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Sowing in the first week of September significantly reduced sunflower head diameter.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- Delay in sowing till first week in Septembere0
- Outcome
- head diametere0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Delay in sowing till first week in September significantly ( P ≤0.05) reduced head diameter, number of seeds per head and seed yield of late sown sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Sowing in the first week of September significantly reduced sunflower seeds per head.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- Delay in sowing till first week in Septembere0
- Outcome
- number of seeds per heade0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Delay in sowing till first week in September significantly ( P ≤0.05) reduced head diameter, number of seeds per head and seed yield of late sown sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Sowing in the first week of September significantly reduced sunflower seed yield.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- Delay in sowing till first week in Septembere0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Delay in sowing till first week in September significantly ( P ≤0.05) reduced head diameter, number of seeds per head and seed yield of late sown sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer significantly increased seed oil content in early- and late-sown sunflower.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Treatment
- organic fertilizer applicatione0
- Outcome
- Oile0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Oil and protein contents of seeds from early and late sown sunflower plants were significantly ( P ≤0.05) increased by organic fertilizer application, except protein content of late sown sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer significantly increased seed protein content in early-sown sunflower.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- organic fertilizer applicatione0
- Outcome
- protein contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- earlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Oil and protein contents of seeds from early and late sown sunflower plants were significantly ( P ≤0.05) increased by organic fertilizer application, except protein content of late sown sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer did not significantly increase seed protein content in late-sown sunflower.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- organic fertilizer applicatione0
- Outcome
- protein contente0
- Qualifier
- late sown sunflowere0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Oil and protein contents of seeds from early and late sown sunflower plants were significantly ( P ≤0.05) increased by organic fertilizer application, except protein content of late sown sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer significantly increased oil yield by 23% over control in late-sown sunflower.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- organic fertilizer applicatione1
- Outcome
- oil yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 23%e0
- Qualifier
- late sown sunflowere0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it significantly ( P ≤0.05) increased oil yield by 23% relative to the control in the late sown sunflower”
e1“Oil and protein contents of seeds from early and late sown sunflower plants were significantly ( P ≤0.05) increased by organic fertilizer application, except protein content of late sown sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend sunflower sowing in the forest–savanna transition zone in early July or the second to third week of August.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Outcome
- be sown in the forest–savanna transition zone in early July or second to third week in Auguste0
- Setting
- forest–savanna transition zonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it is recommended that sunflower be sown in the forest–savanna transition zone in early July or second to third week in August”
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