Abstract
Sunflower was grown under saline media with or without vermicompost amendment and biogas slurry, the organic fertilizers. A randomized complete block design with five replications was used. Forty-five pots were divided in three sets comprising of 15 pots each. Out of 15 pots of each sets, five pots of each were subjected to different levels of saline water irrigation i.e. electrical conductivity (EC): 0.5, 4.8 8.6 dS/m). Amendments of vermicompost and biogas slurry have shown some reduction of sodium induced inhibitory effects. Analyses of fresh and dry weight of leaves, ions, amino acid, protein and nitrogen metabolism enzymes in leaves etc., have been undertaken with reference to above-mentioned treatments. Organic manure amendments improved growth yield, nitrate and protein content and decreased the amount of sodium (Na+), chloride (Cl−), ammonium and total amino acid under saline or non-saline condition. Activities of nitrogen (N)-assimilating enzymes i.e. nitrate reducatse (NR, EC 1.6.6.1), nitrite reductase (NiR, EC 1.6.6.4), glutamine synthetase (GS, EC 6.3.1.2) and glutamate synthase (NADH-GOGAT, EC 1.4.1.14) were enhanced to some extent irrespective to non saline or saline condition. Under salinity NADH-glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH, EC 1.4.1.2) activity was stimulated concomitantly with the increasing ammonium contents and proteolysis activity in the leaves and organic manure did not show a significant difference as compared to their respective control. With respect to salt stress, among the two above-mentioned organic manure, vermicompost showed better result in the entire studied parameter as compared to the biogas slurry.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost and biogas slurry amendments showed some reduction of sodium-induced inhibitory effects in sunflower.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuust0 - Treatment
- Amendments of vermicompost and biogas slurrye1
- Outcome
- sodium induced inhibitory effectse1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Qualifier
- somee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Amendments of vermicompost and biogas slurry have shown some reduction of sodium induced inhibitory effects”
t0“sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic manure amendments improved growth yield, nitrate and protein content of sunflower under saline or non-saline conditions.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Organic manure amendmentse2
- Outcome
- growth yield, nitrate and protein contente2
- Direction
- improvede2
- Qualifier
- under saline or non-saline conditione2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Organic manure amendments improved growth yield, nitrate and protein content and decreased the amount of sodium (Na+), chloride (Cl−), ammonium and total amino acid under saline or non-saline condition”
t0“sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic manure amendments decreased sodium (Na+), chloride (Cl−) and ammonium in sunflower under saline or non-saline conditions.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Organic manure amendmentse2
- Outcome
- amount of sodium (Na+), chloride (Cl−), ammoniume2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Qualifier
- under saline or non-saline conditione2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Organic manure amendments improved growth yield, nitrate and protein content and decreased the amount of sodium (Na+), chloride (Cl−), ammonium and total amino acid under saline or non-saline condition”
t0“sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic manure amendments decreased total amino acid in sunflower under saline or non-saline conditions.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Organic manure amendmentse2
- Outcome
- total amino acide2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Qualifier
- under saline or non-saline conditione2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Organic manure amendments improved growth yield, nitrate and protein content and decreased the amount of sodium (Na+), chloride (Cl−), ammonium and total amino acid under saline or non-saline condition”
t0“sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Activity of nitrate reductase in sunflower leaves was enhanced to some extent irrespective of saline or non-saline condition.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Gene
- nitrate reducatsee3
- Outcome
- Activities of nitrogen (N)-assimilating enzymese3
- Direction
- enhancede3
- Qualifier
- to some extent irrespective to non saline or saline conditione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Activities of nitrogen (N)-assimilating enzymes i.e. nitrate reducatse (NR, EC 1.6.6.1), nitrite reductase (NiR, EC 1.6.6.4), glutamine synthetase (GS, EC 6.3.1.2) and glutamate synthase (NADH-GOGAT, EC 1.4.1.14) were enhanced to some extent irrespective to non saline or saline condition”
t0“sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Activity of nitrite reductase in sunflower leaves was enhanced to some extent irrespective of saline or non-saline condition.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Gene
- nitrite reductasee3
- Outcome
- Activities of nitrogen (N)-assimilating enzymese3
- Direction
- enhancede3
- Qualifier
- to some extent irrespective to non saline or saline conditione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Activities of nitrogen (N)-assimilating enzymes i.e. nitrate reducatse (NR, EC 1.6.6.1), nitrite reductase (NiR, EC 1.6.6.4), glutamine synthetase (GS, EC 6.3.1.2) and glutamate synthase (NADH-GOGAT, EC 1.4.1.14) were enhanced to some extent irrespective to non saline or saline condition”
t0“sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Activity of glutamine synthetase in sunflower leaves was enhanced to some extent irrespective of saline or non-saline condition.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Gene
- glutamine synthetasee3
- Outcome
- Activities of nitrogen (N)-assimilating enzymese3
- Direction
- enhancede3
- Qualifier
- to some extent irrespective to non saline or saline conditione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Activities of nitrogen (N)-assimilating enzymes i.e. nitrate reducatse (NR, EC 1.6.6.1), nitrite reductase (NiR, EC 1.6.6.4), glutamine synthetase (GS, EC 6.3.1.2) and glutamate synthase (NADH-GOGAT, EC 1.4.1.14) were enhanced to some extent irrespective to non saline or saline condition”
t0“sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Activity of glutamate synthase in sunflower leaves was enhanced to some extent irrespective of saline or non-saline condition.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Gene
- glutamate synthasee3
- Outcome
- Activities of nitrogen (N)-assimilating enzymese3
- Direction
- enhancede3
- Qualifier
- to some extent irrespective to non saline or saline conditione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Activities of nitrogen (N)-assimilating enzymes i.e. nitrate reducatse (NR, EC 1.6.6.1), nitrite reductase (NiR, EC 1.6.6.4), glutamine synthetase (GS, EC 6.3.1.2) and glutamate synthase (NADH-GOGAT, EC 1.4.1.14) were enhanced to some extent irrespective to non saline or saline condition”
t0“sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.)”
Claim · model-written summary
NADH-glutamate dehydrogenase activity in sunflower leaves was stimulated under salinity.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- salinitye4
- Gene
- NADH-glutamate dehydrogenasee4
- Outcome
- NADH-glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH, EC 1.4.1.2) activitye4
- Direction
- stimulatede4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Under salinity NADH-glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH, EC 1.4.1.2) activity was stimulated”
t0“sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.)”
Claim · model-written summary
NADH-glutamate dehydrogenase activity in sunflower leaves was stimulated concomitantly with increasing ammonium contents and proteolysis activity.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Organ / stage
- leavese5
- Gene
- NADH-glutamate dehydrogenasee5
- Compound
- ammoniume5
- Outcome
- ammonium contents and proteolysis activitye5
- Direction
- increasinge5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“NADH-glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH, EC 1.4.1.2) activity was stimulated concomitantly with the increasing ammonium contents and proteolysis activity in the leaves”
t0“sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic manure did not significantly differ from the respective control in the parameters reported for salinity.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- organic manuree6
- Outcome
- significant differencee6
- Direction
- did not showe6
- Comparator
- their respective controle6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“organic manure did not show a significant difference as compared to their respective control”
t0“sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost gave better results than biogas slurry in all studied parameters of sunflower under salt stress.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- vermicomposte7
- Outcome
- the entire studied parametere7
- Direction
- better resulte7
- Qualifier
- With respect to salt stresse7
- Comparator
- biogas slurrye7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“With respect to salt stress, among the two above-mentioned organic manure, vermicompost showed better result in the entire studied parameter as compared to the biogas slurry”
t0“sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.)”
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