Abstract
Enhancing nutrient uptake and the subsequent elemental transport from the sites of application to sites of utilization is of great importance to the science and practical field application of foliar fertilizers. The aim of this study was to investigate the mobility of various foliar applied zinc (Zn) formulations in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and to evaluate the effects of the addition of an organic biostimulant on phloem loading and elemental mobility. This was achieved by application of foliar formulations to the blade of sunflower (H. annuus L.) and high-resolution elemental imaging with micro X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF) to visualize Zn within the vascular system of the leaf petiole. Although no significant increase of total Zn in petioles was determined by inductively-coupled plasma mass-spectrometer, μ-XRF elemental imaging showed a clear enrichment of Zn in the vascular tissues within the sunflower petioles treated with foliar fertilizers containing Zn. The concentration of Zn in the vascular of sunflower petioles was increased when Zn was applied with other microelements with EDTA (commercial product Kick-Off) as compared with an equimolar concentration of ZnSO4 alone. The addition of macronutrients N, P, K (commercial product CleanStart) to the Kick-Off Zn fertilizer, further increased vascular system Zn concentrations while the addition of the microbially derived organic biostimulant "GroZyme" resulted in a remarkable enhancement of Zn concentrations in the petiole vascular system. The study provides direct visualized evidence for phloem transport of foliar applied Zn out of sites of application in plants by using μ-XRF technique, and suggests that the formulation of the foliar applied Zn and the addition of the organic biostimulant GroZyme increases the mobility of Zn following its absorption by the leaf of sunflower.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Total Zn in sunflower petioles was not significantly increased by foliar Zn fertilizer application (ICP-MS).
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuust0 - Treatment
- foliar fertilizers containing Zne1
- Outcome
- total Zn in petiolese0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
e0“no significant increase of total Zn in petioles was determined by inductively-coupled plasma mass-spectrometer”
e1“μ-XRF elemental imaging showed a clear enrichment of Zn in the vascular tissues within the sunflower petioles treated with foliar fertilizers containing Zn”
Claim · model-written summary
Micro-XRF imaging showed a clear enrichment of Zn in the vascular tissues of sunflower petioles treated with foliar Zn fertilizers.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Organ / stage
- vascular tissuese1
- Treatment
- foliar fertilizers containing Zne1
- Outcome
- enrichment of Zne1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
e1“μ-XRF elemental imaging showed a clear enrichment of Zn in the vascular tissues within the sunflower petioles treated with foliar fertilizers containing Zn”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn applied with other microelements with EDTA (Kick-Off) increased Zn concentration in the vascular tissue of sunflower petioles compared with an equimolar ZnSO4 alone.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- other microelements with EDTA (commercial product Kick-Off)e2
- Outcome
- concentration of Zn in the vasculare2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Comparator
- an equimolar concentration of ZnSO4 alonee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
e2“The concentration of Zn in the vascular of sunflower petioles was increased when Zn was applied with other microelements with EDTA (commercial product Kick-Off) as compared with an equimolar concentration of ZnSO4 alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding macronutrients N, P and K (CleanStart) to the Kick-Off Zn fertilizer further increased Zn concentration in the vascular system.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- addition of macronutrients N, P, K (commercial product CleanStart)e3
- Outcome
- vascular system Zn concentrationse3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Comparator
- Kick-Off Zn fertilizere3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
e3“The addition of macronutrients N, P, K (commercial product CleanStart) to the Kick-Off Zn fertilizer, further increased vascular system Zn concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding the organic biostimulant GroZyme produced a remarkable enhancement of Zn concentration in the petiole vascular system.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- microbially derived organic biostimulante4
- Outcome
- Zn concentrations in the petiole vascular systeme4
- Direction
- enhancemente4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
e4“the addition of the microbially derived organic biostimulant "GroZyme" resulted in a remarkable enhancement of Zn concentrations in the petiole vascular system”
Claim · model-written summary
Micro-XRF imaging gives direct visualized evidence of phloem transport of foliar applied Zn out of the application site.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Outcome
- phloem transport of foliar applied Zn out of sites of applicatione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
e5“The study provides direct visualized evidence for phloem transport of foliar applied Zn out of sites of application in plants by using μ-XRF technique”
Claim · model-written summary
The formulation of foliar Zn and the addition of GroZyme are suggested to increase Zn mobility after leaf absorption in sunflower.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- the addition of the organic biostimulant GroZymee6
- Outcome
- mobility of Zn following its absorption by the leafe6
- Direction
- increasese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
e6“suggests that the formulation of the foliar applied Zn and the addition of the organic biostimulant GroZyme increases the mobility of Zn following its absorption by the leaf of sunflower”
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See all 71 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.