Abstract
Due to the toxicity, persistence, and bioaccumulation risks of heavy metals, improving soil phytoextraction efficiency has long been a critical research focus. This study investigated the use of malic acid (MA) and tartaric acid (TA) to enhance cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) uptake by Helianthus annuus L. (sunflower) under single and combined Cd-Pb stresses, and the effect of adding different concentrations of LMMOAs (malic and tartaric acids) on phytoextraction of heavy metals were studied by potted plants simulation experiment. The results demonstrated that exogenous application of malic acid (MA) and tartaric acid (TA) significantly promoted the growth of sunflower plants under Cd/Pb stress across all tested concentrations. Specifically, MA and TA enhanced both heavy metal uptake and translocation efficiency in sunflowers: the highest Cd accumulation (Cd10+MA30 treatment) and Pb accumulation (Pb100+MA30 treatment) were observed, respectively. Correlation analysis revealed positive relationships between Cd/Pb uptake/translocation coefficients and soil metal concentrations, while translocation capacity (root-to-shoot transfer) remained unaffected by acid amendments. Notably, increased root Cd uptake directly promoted shoot Cd translocation (p < .05) and concurrently enhanced Pb uptake in aerial tissues. This study highlights the potential of MA and TA as bio-enhancers for sunflower-mediated phytoextraction of Cd/Pb-contaminated soils, providing critical insights for optimizing heavy metal remediation strategies.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Malic acid and tartaric acid significantly promoted sunflower growth under Cd/Pb stress at all tested concentrations.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuuse0 - Treatment
- malic acid (MA) and tartaric acid (TA)e1
- Outcome
- growthe1
- Direction
- promotede1
- Qualifier
- under Cd/Pb stress across all tested concentrationse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to enhance cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) uptake by Helianthus annuus L. (sunflower) under single and combined Cd-Pb stresses”
e1“exogenous application of malic acid (MA) and tartaric acid (TA) significantly promoted the growth of sunflower plants under Cd/Pb stress across all tested concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
The Cd10+MA30 treatment gave the highest Cd accumulation in sunflower.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- Cd10+MA30 treatmente2
- Outcome
- Cd accumulatione2
- Direction
- higheste2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to enhance cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) uptake by Helianthus annuus L. (sunflower) under single and combined Cd-Pb stresses”
e2“the highest Cd accumulation (Cd10+MA30 treatment)”
Claim · model-written summary
The Pb100+MA30 treatment gave the highest Pb accumulation in sunflower.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- Pb100+MA30 treatmente6
- Outcome
- Pb accumulatione6
- Direction
- higheste6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to enhance cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) uptake by Helianthus annuus L. (sunflower) under single and combined Cd-Pb stresses”
e6“the highest Cd accumulation (Cd10+MA30 treatment) and Pb accumulation (Pb100+MA30 treatment) were observed, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd and Pb uptake/translocation coefficients had positive relationships with soil metal concentrations.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Outcome
- Cd/Pb uptake/translocation coefficientse4
- Direction
- positive relationshipse4
- Comparator
- soil metal concentrationse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to enhance cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) uptake by Helianthus annuus L. (sunflower) under single and combined Cd-Pb stresses”
e4“positive relationships between Cd/Pb uptake/translocation coefficients and soil metal concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
Translocation capacity from root to shoot was unaffected by acid amendments.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- acid amendmentse5
- Outcome
- translocation capacity (root-to-shoot transfer)e5
- Direction
- unaffectede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to enhance cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) uptake by Helianthus annuus L. (sunflower) under single and combined Cd-Pb stresses”
e5“translocation capacity (root-to-shoot transfer) remained unaffected by acid amendments”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased root Cd uptake was associated with promoted shoot Cd translocation.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Organ / stage
- roote6
- Outcome
- shoot Cd translocatione6
- Direction
- promotede6
- Qualifier
- p < .05e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to enhance cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) uptake by Helianthus annuus L. (sunflower) under single and combined Cd-Pb stresses”
e6“increased root Cd uptake directly promoted shoot Cd translocation (p < .05) and concurrently enhanced Pb uptake in aerial tissues”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased root Cd uptake was associated with enhanced Pb uptake in aerial tissues.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Organ / stage
- aerial tissuese7
- Outcome
- Pb uptake in aerial tissuese7
- Direction
- enhancede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to enhance cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) uptake by Helianthus annuus L. (sunflower) under single and combined Cd-Pb stresses”
e7“concurrently enhanced Pb uptake in aerial tissues”
Claim · model-written summary
Malic acid and tartaric acid enhanced both heavy metal uptake and translocation efficiency in sunflower.
- Taxon
- sunflowers
Helianthuse6 - Treatment
- MA and TAe6
- Outcome
- heavy metal uptake and translocation efficiencye6
- Direction
- enhancede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to enhance cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) uptake by Helianthus annuus L. (sunflower) under single and combined Cd-Pb stresses”
e6“MA and TA enhanced both heavy metal uptake and translocation efficiency in sunflowers”
The same questions in other papers
malic acid · nutrient: content · Helianthus (sunflowers)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
other · nutrient: content · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
11 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.