Abstract
ABSTRACT Two field experiments (2000–2001 and 2001–2002) were conducted at two nearby fields in the Qanavat region of Qom province, central Iran, to investigate the effects of zinc (Zn) fertilization on production of sunflower. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with six treatments in three replicates. Treatments were: Zn0 (non-Zn fertilized), Zn10, Zn20, Zn30, and Zn60 (soil application of 10, 20, 30, and 60 kg Zn ha−1, respectively), and ZnSpray (foliar spraying of 0.5 kg Zn ha−1 using ZnSO4). Seeds of sunflower (Helianthus annuus cv. ‘Record’) were planted on June 20, 2000 and June 15, 2001. At harvest, shoot and seed yields as well as concentration of Zn, iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), sodium (Na), and chloride (Cl) in leaves of sunflower were determined. Addition of 20 kg Zn ha−1 significantly increased seed production and shoot dry-matter yield of sunflower, while other Zn treatments had no significant effect on shoot dry-matter yield, or decreased it. The thousand-seed weight was the yield component most affected by Zn fertilization, while plant height and head diameter did not change. The maximum content of seed oil was achieved under the Zn10 treatment, then decreased at higher rates of soil-applied Zn such that oil content of seed under the Zn30 and Zn60, treatments was significantly lower than that of the control. Seed oil content was unaffected by foliar spraying of Zn. The concentration of Zn in sunflower leaves was increased with an increase in soil-added Zn of from 0 to 60 kg Zn ha−1. The highest leaf concentrations of Zn (162 and 175 mg kg−1 day matter (DM) in the first and second year, respectively) were achieved by foliar application of ZnSO4. Leaf concentration of Fe was significantly increased in the Zn20 treatment compared with the control but decreased at the higher rates of soil-added ZnSO4. Soil addition of different levels of ZnSO4 decreased concentration of Na and Cl in leaves. The lowest concentration of Na and Cl in leaves was observed under Zn20. The results of this study suggest that soil application of a suitable amount of Zn has a positive effect on both quantitative and qualitative yield of sunflower in saline, calcareous soils. Keywords: Zn fertilization Helianthus annuus seed oil Notes ∗The means followed by the same letters within each column are not significantly different (Duncan's multiple range test) at P < 0.05 ∗The means followed by the same letters within each column are not significantly different (Duncan's multiple range test) at P < 0.05.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Zn20 increased seed production.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuuse0 - Treatment
- 20 kg Zn ha−1e0
- Outcome
- seed productione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of 20 kg Zn ha−1 significantly increased seed production and shoot dry-matter yield of sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn20 increased shoot dry matter yield.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- 20 kg Zn ha−1e0
- Outcome
- shoot dry-matter yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of 20 kg Zn ha−1 significantly increased seed production and shoot dry-matter yield of sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Other zinc treatments did not significantly raise, or decreased, shoot dry matter yield.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- other Zn treatmentse0
- Outcome
- shoot dry-matter yielde0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“other Zn treatments had no significant effect on shoot dry-matter yield, or decreased it”
t0“Zinc Application Effects on Yield and Seed Oil Content of Sunflower Grown on a Saline Calcareous Soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Thousand seed weight was the yield component most affected by zinc.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Zn fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- thousand-seed weighte0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The thousand-seed weight was the yield component most affected by Zn fertilization”
t0“Zinc Application Effects on Yield and Seed Oil Content of Sunflower Grown on a Saline Calcareous Soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant height and head diameter did not change under zinc fertilization.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Zinc Applicationt0
- Outcome
- plant height and head diametere0
- Direction
- did not changee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while plant height and head diameter did not change”
t0“Zinc Application Effects on Yield and Seed Oil Content of Sunflower Grown on a Saline Calcareous Soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed oil content peaked under Zn10.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Zn10 treatmente0
- Outcome
- content of seed oile0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum content of seed oil was achieved under the Zn10 treatment”
t0“Zinc Application Effects on Yield and Seed Oil Content of Sunflower Grown on a Saline Calcareous Soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn30 and Zn60 reduced seed oil content relative to control.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Zn30 and Zn60, treatmentse0
- Outcome
- oil content of seede0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“oil content of seed under the Zn30 and Zn60, treatments was significantly lower than that of the control”
t0“Zinc Application Effects on Yield and Seed Oil Content of Sunflower Grown on a Saline Calcareous Soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar zinc spray did not affect seed oil content.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- foliar spraying of Zne0
- Outcome
- Seed oil contente0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed oil content was unaffected by foliar spraying of Zn”
t0“Zinc Application Effects on Yield and Seed Oil Content of Sunflower Grown on a Saline Calcareous Soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf zinc concentration rose with soil zinc rate.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- soil-added Zn of from 0 to 60 kg Zn ha−1e0
- Outcome
- concentration of Zn in sunflower leavese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The concentration of Zn in sunflower leaves was increased with an increase in soil-added Zn of from 0 to 60 kg Zn ha−1”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar zinc sulfate produced the highest leaf zinc concentration in the first year, 162 mg kg−1.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- foliar application of ZnSO4e0
- Outcome
- leaf concentrations of Zne0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 162e0
- Qualifier
- first and second year, respectivelye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest leaf concentrations of Zn (162 and 175 mg kg−1 day matter (DM) in the first and second year, respectively) were achieved by foliar application of ZnSO4”
t0“Zinc Application Effects on Yield and Seed Oil Content of Sunflower Grown on a Saline Calcareous Soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar zinc sulfate produced the highest leaf zinc concentration in the second year, 175 mg kg−1.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- foliar application of ZnSO4e0
- Outcome
- leaf concentrations of Zne0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 175 mg kg−1 day matter (DM)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest leaf concentrations of Zn (162 and 175 mg kg−1 day matter (DM) in the first and second year, respectively) were achieved by foliar application of ZnSO4”
t0“Zinc Application Effects on Yield and Seed Oil Content of Sunflower Grown on a Saline Calcareous Soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn20 increased leaf iron relative to control.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Zn20 treatmente0
- Outcome
- Leaf concentration of Fee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf concentration of Fe was significantly increased in the Zn20 treatment compared with the control”
t0“Zinc Application Effects on Yield and Seed Oil Content of Sunflower Grown on a Saline Calcareous Soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher soil zinc sulfate rates decreased leaf iron.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- higher rates of soil-added ZnSO4e0
- Outcome
- Leaf concentration of Fee1
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but decreased at the higher rates of soil-added ZnSO4”
e1“Leaf concentration of Fe was significantly increased in the Zn20 treatment compared with the control”
t0“Zinc Application Effects on Yield and Seed Oil Content of Sunflower Grown on a Saline Calcareous Soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil zinc sulfate decreased leaf sodium and chloride concentrations.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Soil addition of different levels of ZnSO4e0
- Outcome
- concentration of Na and Cl in leavese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil addition of different levels of ZnSO4 decreased concentration of Na and Cl in leaves”
t0“Zinc Application Effects on Yield and Seed Oil Content of Sunflower Grown on a Saline Calcareous Soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn20 yielded the lowest leaf sodium and chloride concentrations.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Zn20e0
- Outcome
- concentration of Na and Cl in leavese0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lowest concentration of Na and Cl in leaves was observed under Zn20”
t0“Zinc Application Effects on Yield and Seed Oil Content of Sunflower Grown on a Saline Calcareous Soil”
The same questions in other papers
zinc atom · quality: oil · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results differ
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 14 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
13 papers more in this group
See all 17 papers →zinc atom · yield · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results differ
42 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
42 papers more in this group
See all 46 papers →zinc sulfate · molecular: metabolites · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
zinc atom · molecular: metabolites · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →zinc sulfate · nutrient: content · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
application · nutrient: content · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
23 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- positive
21 papers more in this group
See all 25 papers →application · quality: oil · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 41 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
41 papers more in this group
See all 45 papers →fertilization · yield · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
343 papers in the same direction as this paper · 18 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
361 papers more in this group
See all 365 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.