Abstract
This study demonstrates the reduction of nickel (Ni) toxicity and enhancing zinc (Zn) bioavailability from sunflower seed with biochar (BC) and chitosan (CH) application to Ni contaminated soil. The pH of experiment soil was adjusted to value 6.5 prior to its use in a greenhouse experiment. Acidified Ni contaminated soil was amended with Zn (4 mg kg−1 soil), while BC and CH, both as alone [1% each (w/w)] and in combination [0.5% each (w/w)], were used as immobilizing agents for Ni. Significantly higher concentrations of Zn were found in seed receiving ZnSO4 treatments. However, these results were more pronounced in the treatment (Zn+CH+BC) where Zn, CH, and BC were together applied. The Zn+CH+BC treatment improved seed quality parameters, phytate/minerals molar ratios, increased seed weight (per pot) up to 75%, Fe 41%, Zn 42% in seed, while reduced Ni concentration up to 17% in seed, over control. Similarly, Zn+CH+BC treatment significantly decreased oxidative stress by improving antioxidant defense system in sunflower. The results of this preliminary study suggest that further studies are obligatory to corroborate the extent of Ni immobilization in soil and enhancing Zn bioavailability from sunflower seed under field conditions with realistic and applicable rates of BC and CH.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Seed receiving ZnSO4 treatments had significantly higher Zn concentrations, more pronounced with Zn, chitosan and biochar together.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuust0 - Organ / stage
- seede1
- Treatment
- ZnSO4 treatmentse1
- Outcome
- concentrations of Zne1
- Direction
- highere1
- Qualifier
- more pronounced in the treatment (Zn+CH+BC)e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alleviation of nickel toxicity and an improvement in zinc bioavailability in sunflower seed with chitosan and biochar application in pH adjusted nickel contaminated soil”
e1“Significantly higher concentrations of Zn were found in seed receiving ZnSO4 treatments. However, these results were more pronounced in the treatment (Zn+CH+BC)”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn, chitosan and biochar together improved seed quality parameters and phytate/minerals molar ratios over control.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Organ / stage
- seede2
- Treatment
- Zn+CH+BCe2
- Outcome
- seed quality parameters, phytate/minerals molar ratiose2
- Direction
- improvede2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alleviation of nickel toxicity and an improvement in zinc bioavailability in sunflower seed with chitosan and biochar application in pH adjusted nickel contaminated soil”
e2“The Zn+CH+BC treatment improved seed quality parameters, phytate/minerals molar ratios, increased seed weight (per pot) up to 75%, Fe 41%, Zn 42% in seed, while reduced Ni concentration up to 17% in seed, over control”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn, chitosan and biochar together increased seed weight per pot by up to 75% over control.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Zn+CH+BCe2
- Outcome
- seed weight (per pot)e2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- up to 75%e2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alleviation of nickel toxicity and an improvement in zinc bioavailability in sunflower seed with chitosan and biochar application in pH adjusted nickel contaminated soil”
e2“The Zn+CH+BC treatment improved seed quality parameters, phytate/minerals molar ratios, increased seed weight (per pot) up to 75%, Fe 41%, Zn 42% in seed, while reduced Ni concentration up to 17% in seed, over control”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn, chitosan and biochar together increased Fe in seed by 41% over control.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Organ / stage
- seede2
- Treatment
- Zn+CH+BCe2
- Outcome
- Fee2
- Direction
- increaseinferrede2
- Value
- 41%e2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alleviation of nickel toxicity and an improvement in zinc bioavailability in sunflower seed with chitosan and biochar application in pH adjusted nickel contaminated soil”
e2“The Zn+CH+BC treatment improved seed quality parameters, phytate/minerals molar ratios, increased seed weight (per pot) up to 75%, Fe 41%, Zn 42% in seed, while reduced Ni concentration up to 17% in seed, over control”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn, chitosan and biochar together increased Zn in seed by 42% over control.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Organ / stage
- seede2
- Treatment
- Zn+CH+BCe2
- Outcome
- Zne2
- Direction
- increaseinferrede2
- Value
- 42%e2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alleviation of nickel toxicity and an improvement in zinc bioavailability in sunflower seed with chitosan and biochar application in pH adjusted nickel contaminated soil”
e2“The Zn+CH+BC treatment improved seed quality parameters, phytate/minerals molar ratios, increased seed weight (per pot) up to 75%, Fe 41%, Zn 42% in seed, while reduced Ni concentration up to 17% in seed, over control”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn, chitosan and biochar together reduced seed Ni concentration by up to 17% over control.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Organ / stage
- seede2
- Treatment
- Zn+CH+BCe2
- Outcome
- Ni concentratione2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Value
- up to 17%e2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alleviation of nickel toxicity and an improvement in zinc bioavailability in sunflower seed with chitosan and biochar application in pH adjusted nickel contaminated soil”
e2“The Zn+CH+BC treatment improved seed quality parameters, phytate/minerals molar ratios, increased seed weight (per pot) up to 75%, Fe 41%, Zn 42% in seed, while reduced Ni concentration up to 17% in seed, over control”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn, chitosan and biochar together significantly decreased oxidative stress in sunflower by improving the antioxidant defense system.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse3
- Treatment
- Zn+CH+BCe3
- Outcome
- oxidative stresse3
- Direction
- decreasede3
- Qualifier
- by improving antioxidant defense systeme3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alleviation of nickel toxicity and an improvement in zinc bioavailability in sunflower seed with chitosan and biochar application in pH adjusted nickel contaminated soil”
e3“Zn+CH+BC treatment significantly decreased oxidative stress by improving antioxidant defense system in sunflower”
The same questions in other papers
zinc atom · nutrient: content · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results differ
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →zinc atom · yield · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results differ
42 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- no effect
42 papers more in this group
See all 46 papers →chitosan · yield · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
chitosan · physiology: oxidative · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
zinc atom · quality: grain · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
zinc sulfate · nutrient: content · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
biochar · quality: grain · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
biochar · physiology: oxidative · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.