Abstract
The effect of different sources of nitrogen fertilizers (organic fertilizers and urea) and zeolite under different irrigation regime on the qualitative traits of sunflower seeds was investigated by a trial, in 2014 and 2015 in Iran with split factorial on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Main plots consisted of irrigation regimes (irrigation after unloading 40%, 60% and 80% of available soil water (ASW)). The sub-plots consisted of factorial combinations of three nitrogen fertilizer treatments (100% organic, integrated treatment and 100% chemical treatment) and three levels of zeolite (10, 5 and 0 ton ha−1). Farmyard manure and urea were the organic and chemical sources of nitrogen, respectively; integrated treatment included 50% organic +50% chemical nitrogen. The percentage of nitrogen required by urea was set in a way that 100% of the required nitrogen could be provided by urea. The maximum diameter and stems height as well as the performance of the oil and protein by application of zeolite were measured in terms of the lack of stress in the first and second year, respectively. In sum, it can be concluded that the severe water stress can reduce the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids. In the first year, oleic acid and linoleic acid were decreased by 22% and 7%, respectively; while in the second year, they were reduced by 27% and 6.8%. Stearic acid also declined in the first and second years by 50% and 52%, respectively. However, an increase was observed for palmitic acid of sunflower. In both years, the application of organic fertilizer increased linoleic acid and oleic and improved the quality of sunflower seed oil. Under favorable irrigation conditions, organic fertilizers could be advantageous; while organic fertilizers and zeolite can be helpful under drought stress conditions.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Zeolite under no stress produced maximum stem diameter and height.
- Taxon
- Sunflower
Helianthus annuust0 - Treatment
- zeolitee0
- Outcome
- diameter and stems heighte0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Qualifier
- lack of stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower”
e0“The maximum diameter and stems height as well as the performance of the oil and protein by application of zeolite were measured in terms of the lack of stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Zeolite under no stress produced maximum oil and protein performance.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- zeolitee0
- Outcome
- performance of the oil and proteine0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Qualifier
- lack of stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower”
e0“The maximum diameter and stems height as well as the performance of the oil and protein by application of zeolite were measured in terms of the lack of stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Severe water stress decreased oleic acid by 22% in year one.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Outcome
- oleic acide0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 22%e0
- Qualifier
- first yeare0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower”
e0“In the first year, oleic acid and linoleic acid were decreased by 22% and 7%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Severe water stress decreased linoleic acid by 7% in year one.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Outcome
- linoleic acide0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 7%e0
- Qualifier
- first yeare0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower”
e0“In the first year, oleic acid and linoleic acid were decreased by 22% and 7%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Severe water stress reduced oleic acid by 27% in year two.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 27%e0
- Qualifier
- second yeare0
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorOutcome
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower”
e0“while in the second year, they were reduced by 27% and 6.8%”
Claim · model-written summary
Severe water stress reduced linoleic acid by 6.8% in year two.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 6.8%e0
- Qualifier
- second yeare0
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorOutcome
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower”
e0“while in the second year, they were reduced by 27% and 6.8%”
Claim · model-written summary
Stearic acid declined by 50% in year one.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower”
e0“Stearic acid also declined in the first and second years by 50% and 52%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Stearic acid declined by 52% in year two.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Outcome
- Stearic acide0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Value
- 52%e0
- Qualifier
- seconde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower”
e0“Stearic acid also declined in the first and second years by 50% and 52%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Palmitic acid increased in sunflower.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Outcome
- palmitic acide0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower”
e0“an increase was observed for palmitic acid of sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer increased linoleic and oleic acid in both years.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- organic fertilizere0
- Outcome
- linoleic acid and oleice0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- both yearse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower”
e0“In both years, the application of organic fertilizer increased linoleic acid and oleic and improved the quality of sunflower seed oil”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer improved sunflower seed oil quality in both years.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- organic fertilizere0
- Outcome
- quality of sunflower seed oile0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- both yearse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower”
e0“In both years, the application of organic fertilizer increased linoleic acid and oleic and improved the quality of sunflower seed oil”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors consider organic fertilizer advantageous under favorable irrigation.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Outcome
- organic fertilizers could be advantageouse0
- Qualifier
- favorable irrigation conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower”
e0“Under favorable irrigation conditions, organic fertilizers could be advantageous”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors consider organic fertilizer and zeolite helpful under drought stress.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Outcome
- organic fertilizers and zeolite can be helpfule0
- Qualifier
- drought stress conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower”
e0“organic fertilizers and zeolite can be helpful under drought stress conditions”
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See all 20 papers →other · quality: protein · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree
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See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.