Abstract
Radioactive contamination of the above-ground phytomass of marsh Labrador tea (Ledum palustre L.) in different periods after the Chernobyl accident was studied. Marsh Labrador tea is widely used in official and folk medicine. The studied species grows in over-moistened pine (less mixed) forests and open oligotrophic and mesotrophic marshes. It was found that in the first four years since the beginning of observations (1991), the magnitude of the specific activity of 137Cs in above-ground vegetative phytomass of marsh Labrador tea, depending on a permanent sample area (PSA), decreased by 1.2–1.4 times. After 10 years, it decreased by 1.6–1.7 times, after 16 years by 1.9–2.1 times, after 21 years by 2.7–3.1 times, and after 27 years by 3.1–6.5 times. An increase in the magnitude of transitions factors was also observed on all PSA over time. Thus, the minimal increase within 1991–2018 was recorded in PSA 11 – by 1.2 times and on PSA 13 – by 1.4 times. The maximum decrease in the magnitude of transition coefficient was observed in PSA 16 – by 2.7 times, in PSA 15 – by 3.0 times, and in PSA 18 – by 2.0 times. It was found that marsh Labrador tea belongs to the group of plants that are characterized by the high content of 137Cs in the above-ground vegetative phytomass. Within the observation period (1991–2018), this content significantly exceeds the admissible levels of radionuclide content in plant medicinal raw materials that are used for manufacturing medical preparations. In the PSA with maximum magnitudes of soil contamination density (400.5±50.73 kBk·m-2) this excess made up 158.4 times in 1991, and 33.7 times (166.9±23.56 kBk·m-2) in 2018. For 27 years of observations, there has been a decrease in the density of radioactive soil contamination by 2.1–2.7 times, which is due to radionuclide decomposition, its vertical migration in the soil, and towards the components of forest ecosystems.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
The specific activity of 137Cs in above-ground phytomass decreased 1.2–1.4 times during the first four years.
- Taxon
- marsh Labrador tea
Rhododendron tomentosume0 - Outcome
- specific activity of 137Cs in above-ground vegetative phytomasse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 1.2–1.4 timese0
- Qualifier
- depending on a permanent sample area (PSA)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the first four years since the beginning of observations (1991), the magnitude of the specific activity of 137Cs in above-ground vegetative phytomass of marsh Labrador tea, depending on a permanent sample area (PSA), decreased by 1.2–1.4 times”
Claim · model-written summary
After 10 years, phytomass 137Cs specific activity decreased 1.6–1.7 times.
- Taxon
- marsh Labrador teaRhododendron tomentosume1
- Outcome
- specific activity of 137Cs in above-ground vegetative phytomasse1
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 1.6–1.7 timese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Marsh Labrador Tea”
e0“After 10 years, it decreased by 1.6–1.7 times”
e1“the magnitude of the specific activity of 137Cs in above-ground vegetative phytomass of marsh Labrador tea”
Claim · model-written summary
After 16 years, phytomass 137Cs specific activity decreased 1.9–2.1 times.
- Taxon
- marsh Labrador teaRhododendron tomentosume1
- Outcome
- specific activity of 137Cs in above-ground vegetative phytomasse1
- Value
- 1.9–2.1 timese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Marsh Labrador Tea”
e0“after 16 years by 1.9–2.1 times”
e1“the magnitude of the specific activity of 137Cs in above-ground vegetative phytomass of marsh Labrador tea”
Claim · model-written summary
After 21 years, phytomass 137Cs specific activity decreased 2.7–3.1 times.
- Taxon
- marsh Labrador teaRhododendron tomentosume1
- Outcome
- specific activity of 137Cs in above-ground vegetative phytomasse1
- Value
- 2.7–3.1 timese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Marsh Labrador Tea”
e0“after 21 years by 2.7–3.1 times”
e1“the magnitude of the specific activity of 137Cs in above-ground vegetative phytomass of marsh Labrador tea”
Claim · model-written summary
After 27 years, phytomass 137Cs specific activity decreased 3.1–6.5 times.
- Taxon
- marsh Labrador teaRhododendron tomentosume1
- Outcome
- specific activity of 137Cs in above-ground vegetative phytomasse1
- Value
- 3.1–6.5 timese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Marsh Labrador Tea”
e0“after 27 years by 3.1–6.5 times”
e1“the magnitude of the specific activity of 137Cs in above-ground vegetative phytomass of marsh Labrador tea”
Claim · model-written summary
Transition factors increased over time on all permanent sample areas.
- Taxon
- Marsh Labrador TeaRhododendron tomentosumt0
- Outcome
- magnitude of transitions factorse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Marsh Labrador Tea”
e0“An increase in the magnitude of transitions factors was also observed on all PSA over time”
Claim · model-written summary
Transition factors increased 1.2 times at PSA 11.
- Taxon
- Marsh Labrador TeaRhododendron tomentosumt0
- Outcome
- magnitude of transitions factorse1
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 1.2 timese0
- Setting
- PSA 11e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Marsh Labrador Tea”
e0“minimal increase within 1991–2018 was recorded in PSA 11 – by 1.2 times”
e1“magnitude of transitions factors”
Claim · model-written summary
Transition factors increased 1.4 times at PSA 13.
- Taxon
- Marsh Labrador TeaRhododendron tomentosumt0
- Outcome
- magnitude of transitions factorse2
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 1.4 timese0
- Setting
- PSA 13e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Marsh Labrador Tea”
e0“on PSA 13 – by 1.4 times”
e1“minimal increase within 1991–2018”
e2“magnitude of transitions factors”
Claim · model-written summary
Transition coefficient decreased 2.7 times at PSA 16.
- Taxon
- Marsh Labrador TeaRhododendron tomentosumt0
- Outcome
- magnitude of transition coefficiente0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 2.7 timese0
- Setting
- PSA 16e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Marsh Labrador Tea”
e0“maximum decrease in the magnitude of transition coefficient was observed in PSA 16 – by 2.7 times”
Claim · model-written summary
Transition coefficient decreased 3.0 times at PSA 15.
- Taxon
- Marsh Labrador TeaRhododendron tomentosumt0
- Outcome
- magnitude of transition coefficiente1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Value
- 3.0 timese0
- Setting
- PSA 15e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Marsh Labrador Tea”
e0“in PSA 15 – by 3.0 times”
e1“maximum decrease in the magnitude of transition coefficient”
Claim · model-written summary
Transition coefficient decreased 2.0 times at PSA 18.
- Taxon
- Marsh Labrador TeaRhododendron tomentosumt0
- Outcome
- magnitude of transition coefficiente1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Value
- 2.0 timese0
- Setting
- PSA 18e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Marsh Labrador Tea”
e0“in PSA 18 – by 2.0 times”
e1“maximum decrease in the magnitude of transition coefficient”
Claim · model-written summary
Marsh Labrador tea has high 137Cs content in above-ground vegetative phytomass.
- Taxon
- marsh Labrador teaRhododendron tomentosume0
- Outcome
- content of 137Cs in the above-ground vegetative phytomasse0
- Direction
- highe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“marsh Labrador tea belongs to the group of plants that are characterized by the high content of 137Cs in the above-ground vegetative phytomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Its 137Cs content significantly exceeded admissible medicinal raw-material levels in 1991–2018.
- Taxon
- marsh Labrador teaRhododendron tomentosume1
- Outcome
- contente0
- Direction
- exceedse0
- Comparator
- admissible levels of radionuclide content in plant medicinal raw materialse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Within the observation period (1991–2018), this content significantly exceeds the admissible levels of radionuclide content in plant medicinal raw materials that are used for manufacturing medical preparations”
e1“marsh Labrador tea belongs to the group of plants”
Claim · model-written summary
At the most contaminated area, 137Cs content exceeded the admissible level 158.4 times in 1991.
- Taxon
- Marsh Labrador TeaRhododendron tomentosumt0
- Outcome
- radionuclide contente2
- Value
- 158.4 timese0
- Qualifier
- 400.5±50.73 kBk·m-2e1
- Comparator
- admissible levels of radionuclide content in plant medicinal raw materialse2
- Setting
- PSAe1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Marsh Labrador Tea”
e0“this excess made up 158.4 times in 1991”
e1“In the PSA with maximum magnitudes of soil contamination density (400.5±50.73 kBk·m-2)”
e2“admissible levels of radionuclide content in plant medicinal raw materials”
Claim · model-written summary
At the most contaminated area, 137Cs content exceeded the admissible level 33.7 times in 2018.
- Taxon
- Marsh Labrador TeaRhododendron tomentosumt0
- Outcome
- radionuclide contente1
- Value
- 33.7 timese0
- Qualifier
- 166.9±23.56 kBk·m-2e0
- Comparator
- admissible levels of radionuclide content in plant medicinal raw materialse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Marsh Labrador Tea”
e0“33.7 times (166.9±23.56 kBk·m-2) in 2018”
e1“admissible levels of radionuclide content in plant medicinal raw materials”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil radioactive contamination density decreased 2.1–2.7 times over 27 years.
- Taxon
- Marsh Labrador TeaRhododendron tomentosumt0
- Outcome
- density of radioactive soil contaminatione0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 2.1–2.7 timese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Marsh Labrador Tea”
e0“For 27 years of observations, there has been a decrease in the density of radioactive soil contamination by 2.1–2.7 times”