Abstract
Inappropriate irrigation conditions and nitrogen application can negatively affect soil carbon–nitrogen content and yield of maize, as well as can lead to underground water pollution and soil degradation. A two year (2018, 2019) field experiment was carried out to determine the effect of irrigation and N, alone and in combination on maize grain yield, grain nitrogen content, soil inorganic N and MBC of one-year double cropping maize (Zea mays L.) in a subtropical region. Split plot design was adopted, with main plots consisting of two water regimes: drip irrigation (drip irrigation to keep soil water content no less than 70% of maximum field capacity) and rainfed (no irrigation during growing period). Split-plot treatments consisted of five nitrogen application levels, including 0 (N0), 150 (N150), 200 (N200), 250 (N250), and 300 kg/ha (N300). The results of two-year field experiment showed that soil irrigation nitrogen interaction had a significant influence on the all measured parameters. In detail, soil NH4+-N and NO3−-N content, total nitrogen (TN), soil organic carbon (SOC) and grain nitrogen contents under the combined treatment of N250 and supplementary irrigation were higher relative to other treatments. Compared with rainfed, maize yield, thousand grains weight (TGW) and harvest index increased by 22.0%, 7.7%, and 15.2% under supplemental irrigation. Yield and TGW N300 were 287 kg/ha and 3.1 g higher than those of N250, and yield and TGW of N250 were 59.4% and 23.1% higher than those of N0, respectively. The yield of spring maize was 24.0% significantly higher than that of autumn maize. Therefore, we suggested that 250 kg/ha nitrogen application fertilizer combined with supplementary irrigation can improve soil fertility and annual maize yield in subtropical one-year double cropping region.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation and nitrogen interacted significantly for all measured parameters.
Zea maysNot reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil irrigation nitrogen interaction had a significant influence on the all measured parameters.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
N250 with supplementary irrigation gave higher soil ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and total nitrogen than other treatments.
- Treatment
- N250 and supplementary irrigatione0
- Outcome
- soil NH4+-N and NO3−-N content, total nitrogen (TN)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil NH4+-N and NO3−-N content, total nitrogen (TN), soil organic carbon (SOC) and grain nitrogen contents under the combined treatment of N250 and supplementary irrigation were higher relative to other treatments.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
N250 with supplementary irrigation gave higher soil organic carbon than other treatments.
- Treatment
- N250 and supplementary irrigatione0
- Outcome
- soil organic carbon (SOC)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil NH4+-N and NO3−-N content, total nitrogen (TN), soil organic carbon (SOC) and grain nitrogen contents under the combined treatment of N250 and supplementary irrigation were higher relative to other treatments.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
N250 with supplementary irrigation gave higher grain nitrogen content than other treatments.
- Treatment
- N250 and supplementary irrigatione0
- Outcome
- grain nitrogen contentse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil NH4+-N and NO3−-N content, total nitrogen (TN), soil organic carbon (SOC) and grain nitrogen contents under the combined treatment of N250 and supplementary irrigation were higher relative to other treatments.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental irrigation raised maize yield by 22.0% relative to rainfed cropping.
- Treatment
- supplemental irrigatione0
- Outcome
- maize yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 22.0%e0
- Comparator
- rainfede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with rainfed, maize yield, thousand grains weight (TGW) and harvest index increased by 22.0%, 7.7%, and 15.2% under supplemental irrigation.”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental irrigation raised thousand grain weight by 7.7% relative to rainfed cropping.
- Treatment
- supplemental irrigatione0
- Outcome
- thousand grains weight (TGW)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 7.7%e0
- Comparator
- rainfede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with rainfed, maize yield, thousand grains weight (TGW) and harvest index increased by 22.0%, 7.7%, and 15.2% under supplemental irrigation.”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental irrigation raised harvest index by 15.2% relative to rainfed cropping.
- Treatment
- supplemental irrigatione0
- Outcome
- harvest indexe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 15.2%e0
- Comparator
- rainfede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with rainfed, maize yield, thousand grains weight (TGW) and harvest index increased by 22.0%, 7.7%, and 15.2% under supplemental irrigation.”
Claim · model-written summary
N300 yield exceeded N250 yield by 287 kg/ha.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield and TGW N300 were 287 kg/ha and 3.1 g higher than those of N250”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
N300 thousand grain weight exceeded N250 by 3.1 g.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield and TGW N300 were 287 kg/ha and 3.1 g higher than those of N250”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
N250 yield exceeded N0 yield by 59.4%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield and TGW of N250 were 59.4% and 23.1% higher than those of N0”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
N250 thousand grain weight exceeded N0 by 23.1%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield and TGW of N250 were 59.4% and 23.1% higher than those of N0”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Spring maize yield was 24.0% higher than autumn maize yield.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yield of spring maize was 24.0% significantly higher than that of autumn maize.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 250 kg/ha nitrogen with supplementary irrigation to improve soil fertility and annual maize yield.
- Treatment
- 250 kg/ha nitrogen application fertilizer combined with supplementary irrigatione0
- Outcome
- soil fertility and annual maize yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we suggested that 250 kg/ha nitrogen application fertilizer combined with supplementary irrigation can improve soil fertility and annual maize yield”
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