Abstract
Abstract Brassica carinata (carinata), a non‐food oilseed feedstock mainly used for biofuel, is a relatively new alternative winter crop in the southeastern (SE) United States (US). However, there are limited N rate and N application timing data available at the regional scale. These data are needed to expand production in the SE US. An N rate study was conducted during the winter–spring growing seasons during 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 in Florida, US, and at three locations during 2018–2019 in Georgia, US, to quantify the effects of N rate (0, 45, 90, 134, and 179 kg N ha −1 ) on carinata nutrient uptake, biomass, seed yield, and seed chemical composition. Seed yield showed a linear response up to 134 kg N ha −1 . Seed protein and glucosinolate concentrations decreased from 0 to 90 kg N ha −1 , then increased from 90 to 179 kg N ha −1 . Seed oil concentration was inversely related to seed protein concentration. A two‐factor N application timing study (4 N application timing: at‐plant, pre‐bolting, at‐plant + pre‐bolting, at‐plant + pre‐bolting + bolting × 4 N rates: 0, 45, 90, and 134 kg N ha −1 ) was conducted in Georgia, US, over three site‐years to quantify the effect of N application timing on yield and agronomic and economic optimum N rates (AONR and EONR, respectively). All split applications increased AONR by at least 10 kg N ha −1 compared to a single at‐plant application. A two‐split N application was more profitable than either a single N application or a three‐split N application based on marginal return. A two‐way split application (at‐plant + pre‐bolting) at 134 kg N ha −1 is recommended to optimize yield and economical production. Based on uncertainty analyses, the 50% credible interval of EONR occurred between 116 and 152 kg N ha −1 , with a median estimate at 130 kg N ha −1 .
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Carinata seed yield increased linearly up to 134 kg N ha −1.
- Taxon
- Brassica carinata
Brassica carinatat0 - Treatment
- 134 kg N ha −1e0
- Outcome
- Seed yielde0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed yield showed a linear response up to 134 kg N ha −1 .”
t0“Brassica carinata”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed protein concentration fell between 0 and 90 kg N ha −1.
- Taxon
- Brassica carinataBrassica carinatat0
- Treatment
- 0 to 90 kg N ha −1e0
- Outcome
- Seed proteine0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed protein and glucosinolate concentrations decreased from 0 to 90 kg N ha −1 , then increased from 90 to 179 kg N ha −1 .”
t0“Brassica carinata”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed glucosinolate concentration fell between 0 and 90 kg N ha −1.
- Taxon
- Brassica carinataBrassica carinatat0
- Treatment
- 0 to 90 kg N ha −1e0
- Outcome
- glucosinolate concentrationse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed protein and glucosinolate concentrations decreased from 0 to 90 kg N ha −1 , then increased from 90 to 179 kg N ha −1 .”
t0“Brassica carinata”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed protein concentration rose between 90 and 179 kg N ha −1.
- Taxon
- Brassica carinataBrassica carinatat0
- Treatment
- 90 to 179 kg N ha −1e0
- Outcome
- Seed proteine0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed protein and glucosinolate concentrations decreased from 0 to 90 kg N ha −1 , then increased from 90 to 179 kg N ha −1 .”
t0“Brassica carinata”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed glucosinolate concentration rose between 90 and 179 kg N ha −1.
- Taxon
- Brassica carinataBrassica carinatat0
- Treatment
- 90 to 179 kg N ha −1e0
- Outcome
- glucosinolate concentrationse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed protein and glucosinolate concentrations decreased from 0 to 90 kg N ha −1 , then increased from 90 to 179 kg N ha −1 .”
t0“Brassica carinata”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed oil concentration was inversely related to seed protein concentration.
- Taxon
- Brassica carinataBrassica carinatat0
- Organ / stage
- Seede0
- Outcome
- Seed oil concentratione0
- Qualifier
- inversely relatede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed oil concentration was inversely related to seed protein concentration.”
t0“Brassica carinata”
Claim · model-written summary
Every split nitrogen application increased the agronomic optimum rate by at least 10 kg N ha −1 relative to a single at-plant application.
- Taxon
- Brassica carinataBrassica carinatat0
- Treatment
- All split applicationse0
- Outcome
- AONRe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 10 kg N ha −1e0
- Comparator
- a single at‐plant applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All split applications increased AONR by at least 10 kg N ha −1 compared to a single at‐plant application.”
t0“Brassica carinata”
Claim · model-written summary
A two-split nitrogen application had higher marginal returns than single or three-split application.
- Taxon
- Brassica carinataBrassica carinatat0
- Treatment
- A two‐split N applicatione0
- Outcome
- marginal returne0
- Direction
- more profitablee0
- Comparator
- a single N application or a three‐split N applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A two‐split N application was more profitable than either a single N application or a three‐split N application based on marginal return.”
t0“Brassica carinata”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend two-way split nitrogen application at 134 kg N ha −1.
- Taxon
- Brassica carinataBrassica carinatat0
- Outcome
- A two‐way split application (at‐plant + pre‐bolting) at 134 kg N ha −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A two‐way split application (at‐plant + pre‐bolting) at 134 kg N ha −1 is recommended to optimize yield and economical production.”
t0“Brassica carinata”
Claim · model-written summary
The 50% credible interval for economic optimum nitrogen was 116–152 kg N ha −1.
- Taxon
- Brassica carinataBrassica carinatat0
- Outcome
- EONRe0
- Value
- 116 and 152 kg N ha −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Based on uncertainty analyses, the 50% credible interval of EONR occurred between 116 and 152 kg N ha −1 , with a median estimate at 130 kg N ha −1 .”
t0“Brassica carinata”
Claim · model-written summary
The median estimated economic optimum nitrogen rate was 130 kg N ha −1.
- Taxon
- Brassica carinataBrassica carinatat0
- Outcome
- EONRe0
- Value
- 130 kg N ha −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Based on uncertainty analyses, the 50% credible interval of EONR occurred between 116 and 152 kg N ha −1 , with a median estimate at 130 kg N ha −1 .”
t0“Brassica carinata”
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