Abstract
Abstract The most sustainable management of resistant varieties involves understanding which defence mechanisms the plant uses according to its resistance genes and stage of development and how effective these mechanisms are. Three grapevine varieties were compared for their susceptibility versus resistance to powdery mildew: Vitis vinifera ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ (CS) and two hybrids, ‘Artaban’ and ‘Prior’. Four different leaf ages were collected from 2‐year‐old grafted grapevines planted in pot or in vineyard, and several variables were assessed for each leaf: (a) morphological and physiological indicators, (b) pathogenicity traits: spore germination, infection efficiency, mycelial growth and sporulation, and (c) gene expression using a high‐throughput quantitative reverse transcription PCR method to inform about plant defence status and functioning of primary metabolism. A significant decrease in germination and sporulation with increasing leaf age were observed for the three varieties: Prior showed a susceptibility similar to that of CS, whereas Artaban was fully resistant with no sporulation. Genes highlighted as markers of the variety were involved in defence ( VvPR3 , VvPR4 overexpressed in Artaban, VvPR4bis , VvAlli2 in Prior) or in primary metabolism (repression of VvCitS in Artaban, VvCHI in Prior, overexpression of VvCAD2 , VvGST3 in Prior). After inoculation, more defence genes, especially PR proteins, were overexpressed in the oldest leaves as potential components of ontogenic resistance. PR proteins accounted for 25% of total disease variation. Phenylpropanoid and ethylene pathways were leaf age‐dependent. The statistical method used highlighted the contributions of the genotypic expression involved in genetic (cultivar) and ontogenic (leaf age) resistances and of the metabolic pathways to the disease.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Spore germination decreased with leaf age across three grapevine varieties.
VitisOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant decrease in germination and sporulation with increasing leaf age were observed for the three varieties”
t0“grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Sporulation decreased with leaf age across three grapevine varieties.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant decrease in germination and sporulation with increasing leaf age were observed for the three varieties”
t0“grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Prior had susceptibility similar to Cabernet Sauvignon.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Prior showed a susceptibility similar to that of CS”
t0“grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Artaban was fully resistant with no sporulation.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Artaban was fully resistant with no sporulation”
t0“grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Artaban overexpressed VvPR3 and VvPR4 defence markers.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“VvPR3 , VvPR4 overexpressed in Artaban”
t0“grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Prior had VvPR4bis and VvAlli2 defence markers.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“VvPR4bis , VvAlli2 in Prior”
t0“grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
VvCitS was repressed in Artaban.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“repression of VvCitS in Artaban”
t0“grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Prior showed VvCHI repression and VvCAD2 and VvGST3 overexpression.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“VvCHI in Prior, overexpression of VvCAD2 , VvGST3 in Prior”
t0“grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
More defence genes were overexpressed in oldest leaves after inoculation.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After inoculation, more defence genes, especially PR proteins, were overexpressed in the oldest leaves”
t0“grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
PR proteins accounted for 25% of disease variation.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PR proteins accounted for 25% of total disease variation”
t0“grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenylpropanoid and ethylene pathways depended on leaf age.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phenylpropanoid and ethylene pathways were leaf age‐dependent”
t0“grapevine”