Abstract
Abstract The challenging impact of drought to agricultural productivity requires the adoption of mitigation strategies with a better understanding of underlying mechanisms responsible for drought tolerance. The present study aimed at investigating the effects of sulfur-based fertilizers on mitigation of drought stress in sunflower. Sulfate-containing fertilizers, viz., ammonium sulfate, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, potassium sulfate, and gypsum, were initially evaluated at two different rates (10 and 20 mg kg −1 soil equivalent to 20 and 40 kg ha −1 , respectively) for nutrient uptake and growth-promoting traits in sunflower seedlings (cv. Hysun-33). The best performing fertilizer (gypsum) was then selected to evaluate the response of sunflower under drought stress imposed at flowering stage for three weeks (25–30% water holding capacity). Results indicated significant amelioration of drought stress with higher activity of photosynthetic apparatus, upregulation of antioxidative enzymes, and increased achene yield by gypsum application. In comparison to control, gypsum-treated plants (20 mg kg −1 soil) exhibited higher water status (32%), leaf photosynthetic rate (29%), transpiration rate (67%), and stomatal conductance (118%) under drought stress. The antioxidant enzyme activities of catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase were also increased by 67%, 62%, and 126%, respectively, resulting in higher achene yield (19%) under water-deficit conditions. This study indicates that the application of sulfur-based fertilizers (gypsum) can be used to induce drought tolerance and obtain high sunflower yields under drought stress, and furthermore, it is a cost-effective strategy resulting in high benefit–cost ratio with respect to no gypsum application.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Gypsum raised sunflower water status by 32% under drought versus control.
- Taxon
- Sunflower
Helianthus annuust0 - Treatment
- gypsum-treated plants (20 mg kg −1 soil)e0
- Outcome
- water statuse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 32%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In comparison to control, gypsum-treated plants (20 mg kg −1 soil) exhibited higher water status (32%), leaf photosynthetic rate (29%), transpiration rate (67%), and stomatal conductance (118%) under drought stress”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Gypsum raised sunflower leaf photosynthetic rate by 29% under drought.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- gypsum-treated plants (20 mg kg −1 soil)e0
- Outcome
- leaf photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 29%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In comparison to control, gypsum-treated plants (20 mg kg −1 soil) exhibited higher water status (32%), leaf photosynthetic rate (29%), transpiration rate (67%), and stomatal conductance (118%) under drought stress”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Gypsum raised sunflower transpiration rate by 67% under drought.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- gypsum-treated plants (20 mg kg −1 soil)e0
- Outcome
- transpiration ratee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 67%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In comparison to control, gypsum-treated plants (20 mg kg −1 soil) exhibited higher water status (32%), leaf photosynthetic rate (29%), transpiration rate (67%), and stomatal conductance (118%) under drought stress”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Gypsum raised sunflower stomatal conductance by 118% under drought.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- gypsum-treated plants (20 mg kg −1 soil)e0
- Outcome
- stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 118%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In comparison to control, gypsum-treated plants (20 mg kg −1 soil) exhibited higher water status (32%), leaf photosynthetic rate (29%), transpiration rate (67%), and stomatal conductance (118%) under drought stress”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Gypsum raised catalase activity by 67% under drought.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Outcome
- catalasee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 67%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The antioxidant enzyme activities of catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase were also increased by 67%, 62%, and 126%, respectively”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Gypsum raised guaiacol peroxidase activity by 62% under drought.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Outcome
- guaiacol peroxidasee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 62%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The antioxidant enzyme activities of catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase were also increased by 67%, 62%, and 126%, respectively”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Gypsum raised superoxide dismutase activity by 126% under drought.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutasee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 126%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The antioxidant enzyme activities of catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase were also increased by 67%, 62%, and 126%, respectively”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Gypsum increased sunflower achene yield by 19% under water deficit.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- gypsum applicatione1
- Outcome
- achene yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 19%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“resulting in higher achene yield (19%) under water-deficit conditions”
e1“achene yield by gypsum application”
t0“Sunflower”
The same questions in other papers
lime · yield · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
15 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
13 papers more in this group
See all 17 papers →lime · physiology: photosynthesis · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.