Abstract
The chemical profile of Thymus proximus essential oil (EO) and its allelopathic, phytotoxic, and insecticidal activity was evaluated. Carvacrol, p-cymene, and γ-terpinene were detected as the major components of the EO, representing 85.9% of the total oil. About 50 g fresh plant material of T. proximus in a 1.5-L air tight container completely inhibited the seed germination of Amaranthus retroflexus and Poa anuua . Meanwhile, the EO exhibited potent phytotoxic activity, which resulted in 100% germination failure of both the test species when 2 mg/ml (for A. retroflexus ) and 5 mg/ml (for Poa annua ) oil was applied. The EO also triggered a significant insecticidal activity on Aphis gossypii with a LC 50 value of 6.34 ppm. Carvacrol was identified as the main active compound responsible for both the plant suppressing effect and the insecticidal activity of the EO. Our study is the first on the allelopathic, phytotoxic, and insecticidal activity of T. proximus EO, and the determination of the responsible compound, which indicated their potential of being further explored as environment friendly biopesticides.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Carvacrol, p-cymene, and γ-terpinene constituted 85.9% of T. proximus essential oil.
- Taxon
- Thymus proximusThymus proximust0
- Outcome
- Carvacrol, p-cymene, and γ-terpinenee0
- Value
- 85.9%e0
Verbatim
e0“Carvacrol, p-cymene, and γ-terpinene were detected as the major components of the EO, representing 85.9% of the total oil.”
t0“Thymus proximus Serg. Essential Oil”
Claim · model-written summary
Volatiles from 50 g of fresh T. proximus completely inhibited A. retroflexus seed germination.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus retroflexus
Amaranthus retroflexuse0 - Treatment
- 50 g fresh plant material of T. proximus in a 1.5-L air tight containere0
- Interactor
- T. proximusThymus proximuse0other
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Direction
- completely inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“About 50 g fresh plant material of T. proximus in a 1.5-L air tight container completely inhibited the seed germination of Amaranthus retroflexus and Poa anuua .”
Claim · model-written summary
Volatiles from 50 g of fresh T. proximus completely inhibited P. anuua seed germination.
- Taxon
- Poa anuuae0
- Treatment
- 50 g fresh plant material of T. proximus in a 1.5-L air tight containere0
- Interactor
- T. proximusThymus proximuse0other
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Direction
- completely inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“About 50 g fresh plant material of T. proximus in a 1.5-L air tight container completely inhibited the seed germination of Amaranthus retroflexus and Poa anuua .”
Claim · model-written summary
T. proximus oil at 2 mg/ml caused 100% germination failure in A. retroflexus.
- Taxon
- A. retroflexusAmaranthus retroflexuse0
- Treatment
- 2 mg/mle0
- Outcome
- germination failuree0
- Direction
- failuree0
- Value
- 100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the EO exhibited potent phytotoxic activity, which resulted in 100% germination failure of both the test species when 2 mg/ml (for A. retroflexus ) and 5 mg/ml (for Poa annua ) oil was applied.”
Claim · model-written summary
T. proximus oil at 5 mg/ml caused 100% germination failure in Poa annua.
Poa annuaNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the EO exhibited potent phytotoxic activity, which resulted in 100% germination failure of both the test species when 2 mg/ml (for A. retroflexus ) and 5 mg/ml (for Poa annua ) oil was applied.”
Claim · model-written summary
T. proximus oil had significant insecticidal activity against Aphis gossypii, with LC 50 of 6.34 ppm.
- Treatment
- EOe0
- Interactor
- Aphis gossypii
Aphis gossypiie0pest - Outcome
- insecticidal activity on Aphis gossypiie0
- Value
- 6.34 ppme0
Not reportedTaxonComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The EO also triggered a significant insecticidal activity on Aphis gossypii with a LC 50 value of 6.34 ppm.”
Claim · model-written summary
Carvacrol was identified as the main active compound causing the plant suppressing and insecticidal activity of the oil.
- Taxon
- Thymus proximusThymus proximust0
- Compound
- Carvacrole0
- Outcome
- plant suppressing effect and the insecticidal activitye0
Verbatim
e0“Carvacrol was identified as the main active compound responsible for both the plant suppressing effect and the insecticidal activity of the EO.”
t0“Thymus proximus Serg. Essential Oil”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identify T. proximus oil and carvacrol as potential environment friendly biopesticides.
- Taxon
- Thymus proximusThymus proximust0
- Outcome
- environment friendly biopesticidese0
Verbatim
e0“which indicated their potential of being further explored as environment friendly biopesticides.”
t0“Thymus proximus Serg. Essential Oil and Its Major Constituents”