Abstract
To improve the grain yield (GY) and water–nitrogen (N) use efficiency of summer maize, a 2–year field experiment was conducted using micro–sprinkling irrigation water–fertilizer integration. Surface irrigation and N application methods were applied in the control (CK, irrigation at sowing; 300 kg N ha−1). Under water–fertilizer integration, N was applied at five rates (0, 120, 180, 240, and 300 kg N ha−1, N applied at sowing, jointing, and tasseling and ratio of 1:1:1; designated WN0, WN120, WN180, WN240, and WN300, respectively). The leaf area index and dry matter accumulation increased with increasing N application rate, with a slower rate of increase when N application rate ≥180 kg N ha−1. Compared with CK, the GY of WN300, WN240, WN180, and WN120 was not significantly different,but WN120 significantly decreased by 7.16% and 5.47% than WN240 and WN300.The evapotranspiration,irrigation amount,and N application rate in WN180 were 9.86%–16.40%, 47.11%–52.23%, and 40% lower,respectively,than in CK,while the water use efficiency and N partial factor productivity was 3.38%–15.14% and 32.04%–60.43% higher.Thus,application of 180 kg N ha−1 with water–fertilizer integration can achieve high GY and improve resource–use efficiency.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf area index and dry matter accumulation increased with nitrogen rate, more slowly at rates of at least 180 kg N ha−1.
- Treatment
- increasing N application ratee0
- Outcome
- leaf area index and dry matter accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- N application rate ≥180 kg N ha−1e0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The leaf area index and dry matter accumulation increased with increasing N application rate, with a slower rate of increase when N application rate ≥180 kg N ha−1.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield under four integrated irrigation and nitrogen treatments did not differ significantly from the control.
- Treatment
- WN300, WN240, WN180, and WN120e0
- Outcome
- GYe0
- Direction
- not significantly differente0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with CK, the GY of WN300, WN240, WN180, and WN120 was not significantly different”
t0“summer maize”
Claim · model-written summary
WN120 grain yield was 7.16% lower than WN240.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“WN120 significantly decreased by 7.16% and 5.47% than WN240 and WN300”
e1“the GY of WN300, WN240, WN180, and WN120”
t0“summer maize”
Claim · model-written summary
WN120 grain yield was 5.47% lower than WN300.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“WN120 significantly decreased by 7.16% and 5.47% than WN240 and WN300”
e1“the GY of WN300, WN240, WN180, and WN120”
t0“summer maize”
Claim · model-written summary
WN180 reduced evapotranspiration by 9.86%–16.40% compared with CK.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The evapotranspiration,irrigation amount,and N application rate in WN180 were 9.86%–16.40%, 47.11%–52.23%, and 40% lower,respectively,than in CK”
t0“summer maize”
Claim · model-written summary
WN180 reduced irrigation amount by 47.11%–52.23% compared with CK.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The evapotranspiration,irrigation amount,and N application rate in WN180 were 9.86%–16.40%, 47.11%–52.23%, and 40% lower,respectively,than in CK”
t0“summer maize”
Claim · model-written summary
WN180 used 40% less nitrogen than CK.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The evapotranspiration,irrigation amount,and N application rate in WN180 were 9.86%–16.40%, 47.11%–52.23%, and 40% lower,respectively,than in CK”
t0“summer maize”
Claim · model-written summary
WN180 increased water use efficiency by 3.38%–15.14% compared with CK.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while the water use efficiency and N partial factor productivity was 3.38%–15.14% and 32.04%–60.43% higher”
e1“than in CK”
e2“in WN180”
t0“summer maize”
Claim · model-written summary
WN180 increased nitrogen partial factor productivity by 32.04%–60.43% compared with CK.
- Treatment
- WN180e2
- Outcome
- N partial factor productivitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 32.04%–60.43%e0
- Comparator
- CKe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while the water use efficiency and N partial factor productivity was 3.38%–15.14% and 32.04%–60.43% higher”
e1“than in CK”
e2“in WN180”
t0“summer maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 180 kg N ha−1 under integrated irrigation to maintain high grain yield and improve resource-use efficiency.
- Treatment
- application of 180 kg N ha−1 with water–fertilizer integratione0
- Outcome
- high GY and improve resource–use efficiencye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of 180 kg N ha−1 with water–fertilizer integration can achieve high GY and improve resource–use efficiency”
t0“summer maize”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
1,905 papers in the same direction as this paper · 234 in the opposite direction · 45 reporting no difference from an alternative
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- positive
- positive
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See all 2,185 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.