Abstract
Cropping under conservation agriculture (CA) has become increasingly attractive among farmers in recent years. However, weed control may be more difficult during the transition to CA from conventional establishment methods due to the reduction in tillage intensity. Conversely, CA changes to weed dynamics can alter the weed seed bank in the longer run. In Bangladesh’s intensively cropped rice-based rotations, the nature of weed seed bank shifts over time after adopting CA are poorly known. Two 2-year studies were sampled from on-farm CA experiments under wheat-mungbean-winter rice and monsoon rice-mustard-winter rice rotations. We investigated the effects of reduced soil disruption in the form of strip-tillage (ST) combined with increased deposition of standing reside from previous crops (0 vs. 50%). The weed seed bank in 0–5, 5–10, and 10–15 cm depths of soil were quantified in a shade-house experiment by measuring weed emergence over 12 months in seedling trays. After 2 years of field study, the year-round count of emerged weeds from the seed bank showed that ST plus 50% mulch had a lower weed abundance and biomass and fewer weed species than that of conventional tillage (CT) without residue. The perennial weeds Ageratum conyzoides L., Alternanthera philoxeroides L., Cynodon dactylon L., Cyperus rotundus L., Jussia decurrence Walt., Leersia hexandra L., Scirpus mucronatus (L.) Palla., and Solanum torvum Sw. were enriched in the smaller-sized ST seed banks in terms of both density and biomass. The CT, on the other hand, was dominated by annual weeds: Cyperus difformis L., Cyanotis axillaris Roem., Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv., Eleusine indica L., Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl., and Rotala ramosior L. Overall, ST plus 50% residue had a more diverse seed bank than CT without mulch. The majority of weed seeds were amassed in the 0–5 cm soil depth of the ST, while most of them were accumulated in the 10–15 cm layer of the CT. The wheat-mungbean-winter rice rotation had a more diverse floristic composition with many more weed species than the monsoon rice-mustard-winter rice rotation.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Strip tillage plus 50% mulch lowered emerged weed abundance and biomass versus conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- ST plus 50% mulche0
- Outcome
- weed abundance and biomasse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- conventional tillage (CT) without residuee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ST plus 50% mulch had a lower weed abundance and biomass and fewer weed species than that of conventional tillage (CT) without residue”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Strip tillage plus mulch produced fewer weed species.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ST plus 50% mulche0
- Outcome
- weed speciese0
- Direction
- fewere0
- Comparator
- conventional tillage (CT) without residuee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ST plus 50% mulch had a lower weed abundance and biomass and fewer weed species than that of conventional tillage (CT) without residue”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Eight perennial weed species were enriched in strip-tillage seed banks.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- perennial weeds Ageratum conyzoides L., Alternanthera philoxeroides L., Cynodon dactylon L., Cyperus rotundus L., Jussia decurrence Walt., Leersia hexandra L., Scirpus mucronatus (L.) Palla., and Solanum torvum Sw. were enrichede0
- Direction
- enrichede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The perennial weeds Ageratum conyzoides L., Alternanthera philoxeroides L., Cynodon dactylon L., Cyperus rotundus L., Jussia decurrence Walt., Leersia hexandra L., Scirpus mucronatus (L.) Palla., and Solanum torvum Sw. were enriched in the smaller-sized ST seed banks in terms of both density and biomass”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Annual weeds dominated conventional-tillage seed banks.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- dominated by annual weeds: Cyperus difformis L., Cyanotis axillaris Roem., Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv., Eleusine indica L., Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl., and Rotala ramosior L.e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The CT, on the other hand, was dominated by annual weeds: Cyperus difformis L., Cyanotis axillaris Roem., Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv., Eleusine indica L., Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl., and Rotala ramosior L.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Strip tillage plus residue had a more diverse seed bank than conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ST plus 50% residuee0
- Outcome
- diverse seed banke0
- Direction
- more diversee0
- Comparator
- CT without mulche0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ST plus 50% residue had a more diverse seed bank than CT without mulch”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Strip tillage concentrated most weed seeds at 0–5 cm depth.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- majority of weed seeds were amassede0
- Value
- 0–5 cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The majority of weed seeds were amassed in the 0–5 cm soil depth of the ST”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage concentrated most weed seeds at 10–15 cm depth.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- most of them were accumulatede0
- Value
- 10–15 cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“most of them were accumulated in the 10–15 cm layer of the CT”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat-mungbean-winter rice rotation had more diverse floristic composition and more weed species.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- diverse floristic composition with many more weed speciese0
- Direction
- more diversee0
- Comparator
- monsoon rice-mustard-winter rice rotatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The wheat-mungbean-winter rice rotation had a more diverse floristic composition with many more weed species than the monsoon rice-mustard-winter rice rotation”
The same questions in other papers
tillage · weed · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ
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- negative
- positive
- negative
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See all 86 papers →mulching · weed · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
30 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
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See all 33 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.