Abstract
When farmers first shift from conventional tillage (CT) to conservation agriculture (CA) practices, the control of weeds may be more difficult, due to the absence of tillage. However, continuous CA, over several years, may alter the weed seedbank. The nature of the weed seedbank changes over time, in intensively cropped rice-based rotations that are typical of the Eastern Gangetic Plain, are not well understood. Two on-farm CA experiments were sampled (in Beluapara after 3 years and Digram after 5 years) in Bangladesh for the effects of strip planting (SP) and bed planting (BP) at both the sites, plus no-tillage (NT) in Beluapara, and increased retention of the residue of previous crops (20% vs. 50%). The conventional tillage (CT) and 20% residue was the control treatment. The weed seedbank in 0–15 cm soil was quantified by assessing the emergence of weeds from soils collected from the field after irrigation, (Boro) rice in Digram and wheat in Beluapara, and they were allowed to emerge in trays in a shade-house experiment. The year-round count of emerged weeds at both the locations revealed the fewest number of weed species (especially broadleaf weeds), and the lowest weed density and biomass in SP, followed by CT, BP, and NT, with 50% crop residue mulch. Relative to CT, the SP, BP, and NT produced relatively more perennials weeds, as follows: Alternanthera denticulata ((R.) Brown.), Cyperus rotundus (L.), Dentella repens (L.), Jussia deccurence (Walt.), Leersia hexandra (L.), and Solanum torvum (Sw.), which was the opposite of CT that was enriched with the following annual weeds: Cyperus iria (L.), Digitaria sanguinalis (L.), Euphorbia parviflora (L.), Fimbristylis miliacea (L.), Lindernia antipoda (L.), L. hyssopifolia (L.), and Monochoria hastata (L.). The soil weed seed bank reduced by 13% in SP, while it increased by 19% and 76% in BP and NT, respectively, compared with CT. The species diversity reduced in SP and NT, by 24% and 11%, respectively, but increased by 2% in BP. In 50% residue, the soil weed seed bank and species diversity reduced by 16% and 14%, respectively, relative to that of 20% residue. The continuous practice of CA, for 3 or more years, in two rice-based crop rotations, decreased the size of the weed seedbank, but increased the relative proliferation of specific perennial weeds.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Strip planting with 50% residue had the fewest emerged weed species, especially broadleaf weeds.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- SPe0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- number of weed speciese0
- Direction
- feweste0
- Qualifier
- 50% crop residue mulche0
- Comparator
- CT, BP, and NTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice-Based Cropping Patterns”
e0“The year-round count of emerged weeds at both the locations revealed the fewest number of weed species (especially broadleaf weeds), and the lowest weed density and biomass in SP, followed by CT, BP, and NT, with 50% crop residue mulch”
Claim · model-written summary
Strip planting with 50% residue had the lowest emerged weed density and biomass.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- SPe0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- weed density and biomasse0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Qualifier
- 50% crop residue mulche0
- Comparator
- CT, BP, and NTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice-Based Cropping Patterns”
e0“The year-round count of emerged weeds at both the locations revealed the fewest number of weed species (especially broadleaf weeds), and the lowest weed density and biomass in SP, followed by CT, BP, and NT, with 50% crop residue mulch”
Claim · model-written summary
Strip planting, bed planting and no-tillage yielded relatively more perennial weeds than conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- SP, BP, and NTe0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- perennials weedse0
- Direction
- relatively moree0
- Comparator
- CTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice-Based Cropping Patterns”
e0“Relative to CT, the SP, BP, and NT produced relatively more perennials weeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage was enriched with annual weeds.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice-Based Cropping Patterns”
e0“CT that was enriched with the following annual weeds: Cyperus iria (L.), Digitaria sanguinalis (L.), Euphorbia parviflora (L.), Fimbristylis miliacea (L.), Lindernia antipoda (L.), L. hyssopifolia (L.), and Monochoria hastata (L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Strip planting reduced the soil weed seed bank by 13% versus conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- SPe0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- soil weed seed banke0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 13%e0
- Comparator
- CTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice-Based Cropping Patterns”
e0“The soil weed seed bank reduced by 13% in SP, while it increased by 19% and 76% in BP and NT, respectively, compared with CT”
Claim · model-written summary
Bed planting increased the soil weed seed bank by 19% versus conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- BPe0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- soil weed seed banke0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 19%e0
- Comparator
- CTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice-Based Cropping Patterns”
e0“The soil weed seed bank reduced by 13% in SP, while it increased by 19% and 76% in BP and NT, respectively, compared with CT”
Claim · model-written summary
No-tillage increased the soil weed seed bank by 76% versus conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- NTe0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- soil weed seed banke0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 76%e0
- Comparator
- CTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice-Based Cropping Patterns”
e0“The soil weed seed bank reduced by 13% in SP, while it increased by 19% and 76% in BP and NT, respectively, compared with CT”
Claim · model-written summary
Strip planting reduced weed species diversity by 24%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice-Based Cropping Patterns”
e0“The species diversity reduced in SP and NT, by 24% and 11%, respectively, but increased by 2% in BP”
Claim · model-written summary
No-tillage reduced weed species diversity by 11%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice-Based Cropping Patterns”
e0“The species diversity reduced in SP and NT, by 24% and 11%, respectively, but increased by 2% in BP”
Claim · model-written summary
Bed planting increased weed species diversity by 2%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice-Based Cropping Patterns”
e0“The species diversity reduced in SP and NT, by 24% and 11%, respectively, but increased by 2% in BP”
Claim · model-written summary
Fifty percent residue reduced soil weed seed bank by 16% versus 20% residue.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 50% residuee0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- soil weed seed banke0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 16%e0
- Comparator
- 20% residuee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice-Based Cropping Patterns”
e0“In 50% residue, the soil weed seed bank and species diversity reduced by 16% and 14%, respectively, relative to that of 20% residue”
Claim · model-written summary
Fifty percent residue reduced weed species diversity by 14% versus 20% residue.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 50% residuee0
- Outcome
- species diversitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 14%e0
- Comparator
- 20% residuee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice-Based Cropping Patterns”
e0“In 50% residue, the soil weed seed bank and species diversity reduced by 16% and 14%, respectively, relative to that of 20% residue”
The same questions in other papers
tillage · weed · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ
14 papers in the same direction as this paper · 71 in the opposite direction
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