Abstract
Novel strategic green approaches are urgently needed to raise the performance of plants subjected to stress. Two field-level experimental attempts were implemented during two (2019 and 2020) growing seasons to study the possible effects of exogenous nourishment with selenium dioxide nanoparticles (Se-NPs) on growth, physio-biochemical ingredients, antioxidant defenses, and yield of Phaseolus vulgaris (L.) plant growing on a salt-affected soil (EC = 7.55–7.61 dS m−1). At 20, 30, and 40 days from seeding, three foliar sprays were applied to plants with Se-NPs at a rate of 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 mM. The experimental design was accomplished in randomized complete plots. The data indicate noteworthy elevations in indicators related to growth and yield; pigments related to effective photosynthesis, osmoprotectant (free proline and soluble sugars), nutrient and Se contents, K+/Na+ ratio, cell integrity (water content and stability of membranes), all enzyme activities; and all features related to leaf anatomy induced by Se-NPs foliar spray. Conversely, marked lowering in markers of Na+ content-induced oxidative stress (superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide) and their outcomes in terms of ionic leakage and malondialdehyde were reported by foliar nourishment with Se-NPS compared to spraying leaves with water as an implemented control. The best results were recorded with Se-NPs applied at 1.0 mM, which mitigated the negative effects of soil salinity (control results). Therefore, the outcomes of this successful study recommend the use of Se-NPs at a rate of 1.0 mM as a foliar spray to grow common beans on saline soils with EC up to 7.55–7.61 dS m−1.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Se-NPs sprays raised growth and yield indicators of common bean on salt-affected soil compared with water-sprayed controls.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgarist0 - Treatment
- Se-NPse2
- Outcome
- indicators related to growth and yielde1
- Direction
- elevationse1
- Qualifier
- salt-affected soile0
- Comparator
- spraying leaves with watere3
- Setting
- field-levele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
e0“Two field-level experimental attempts were implemented during two (2019 and 2020) growing seasons to study the possible effects of exogenous nourishment with selenium dioxide nanoparticles (Se-NPs) on growth, physio-biochemical ingredients, antioxidant defenses, and yield of Phaseolus vulgaris (L.) plant growing on a salt-affected soil”
e1“The data indicate noteworthy elevations in indicators related to growth and yield; pigments related to effective photosynthesis, osmoprotectant (free proline and soluble sugars), nutrient and Se contents, K+/Na+ ratio, cell integrity (water content and stability of membranes), all enzyme activities; and all features related to leaf anatomy induced by Se-NPs foliar spray”
e2“three foliar sprays were applied to plants with Se-NPs at a rate of 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 mM”
e3“compared to spraying leaves with water as an implemented control”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Se-NPs sprays raised pigments related to effective photosynthesis in common bean compared with water-sprayed controls.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Se-NPse2
- Outcome
- pigments related to effective photosynthesise1
- Direction
- elevationse1
- Comparator
- spraying leaves with watere3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
e1“The data indicate noteworthy elevations in indicators related to growth and yield; pigments related to effective photosynthesis, osmoprotectant (free proline and soluble sugars), nutrient and Se contents, K+/Na+ ratio, cell integrity (water content and stability of membranes), all enzyme activities; and all features related to leaf anatomy induced by Se-NPs foliar spray”
e2“three foliar sprays were applied to plants with Se-NPs at a rate of 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 mM”
e3“compared to spraying leaves with water as an implemented control”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Se-NPs sprays raised osmoprotectant (free proline and soluble sugars) in common bean compared with water-sprayed controls.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Se-NPse2
- Outcome
- osmoprotectant (free proline and soluble sugars)e1
- Direction
- elevationse1
- Comparator
- spraying leaves with watere3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
e1“The data indicate noteworthy elevations in indicators related to growth and yield; pigments related to effective photosynthesis, osmoprotectant (free proline and soluble sugars), nutrient and Se contents, K+/Na+ ratio, cell integrity (water content and stability of membranes), all enzyme activities; and all features related to leaf anatomy induced by Se-NPs foliar spray”
e2“three foliar sprays were applied to plants with Se-NPs at a rate of 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 mM”
e3“compared to spraying leaves with water as an implemented control”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Se-NPs sprays raised nutrient and Se contents of common bean compared with water-sprayed controls.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Se-NPse2
- Outcome
- nutrient and Se contentse1
- Direction
- elevationse1
- Comparator
- spraying leaves with watere3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
e1“The data indicate noteworthy elevations in indicators related to growth and yield; pigments related to effective photosynthesis, osmoprotectant (free proline and soluble sugars), nutrient and Se contents, K+/Na+ ratio, cell integrity (water content and stability of membranes), all enzyme activities; and all features related to leaf anatomy induced by Se-NPs foliar spray”
e2“three foliar sprays were applied to plants with Se-NPs at a rate of 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 mM”
e3“compared to spraying leaves with water as an implemented control”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Se-NPs sprays raised the K+/Na+ ratio of common bean compared with water-sprayed controls.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Se-NPse2
- Outcome
- K+/Na+ ratioe1
- Direction
- elevationse1
- Comparator
- spraying leaves with watere3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
e1“The data indicate noteworthy elevations in indicators related to growth and yield; pigments related to effective photosynthesis, osmoprotectant (free proline and soluble sugars), nutrient and Se contents, K+/Na+ ratio, cell integrity (water content and stability of membranes), all enzyme activities; and all features related to leaf anatomy induced by Se-NPs foliar spray”
e2“three foliar sprays were applied to plants with Se-NPs at a rate of 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 mM”
e3“compared to spraying leaves with water as an implemented control”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Se-NPs sprays raised cell integrity of common bean compared with water-sprayed controls.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Se-NPse2
- Outcome
- cell integrity (water content and stability of membranes)e1
- Direction
- elevationse1
- Comparator
- spraying leaves with watere3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
e1“The data indicate noteworthy elevations in indicators related to growth and yield; pigments related to effective photosynthesis, osmoprotectant (free proline and soluble sugars), nutrient and Se contents, K+/Na+ ratio, cell integrity (water content and stability of membranes), all enzyme activities; and all features related to leaf anatomy induced by Se-NPs foliar spray”
e2“three foliar sprays were applied to plants with Se-NPs at a rate of 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 mM”
e3“compared to spraying leaves with water as an implemented control”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Se-NPs sprays raised all enzyme activities of common bean compared with water-sprayed controls.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Se-NPse2
- Outcome
- all enzyme activitiese1
- Direction
- elevationse1
- Comparator
- spraying leaves with watere3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
e1“The data indicate noteworthy elevations in indicators related to growth and yield; pigments related to effective photosynthesis, osmoprotectant (free proline and soluble sugars), nutrient and Se contents, K+/Na+ ratio, cell integrity (water content and stability of membranes), all enzyme activities; and all features related to leaf anatomy induced by Se-NPs foliar spray”
e2“three foliar sprays were applied to plants with Se-NPs at a rate of 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 mM”
e3“compared to spraying leaves with water as an implemented control”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Se-NPs sprays raised leaf anatomy features of common bean compared with water-sprayed controls.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Se-NPse2
- Outcome
- features related to leaf anatomye1
- Direction
- elevationse1
- Comparator
- spraying leaves with watere3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
e1“The data indicate noteworthy elevations in indicators related to growth and yield; pigments related to effective photosynthesis, osmoprotectant (free proline and soluble sugars), nutrient and Se contents, K+/Na+ ratio, cell integrity (water content and stability of membranes), all enzyme activities; and all features related to leaf anatomy induced by Se-NPs foliar spray”
e2“three foliar sprays were applied to plants with Se-NPs at a rate of 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 mM”
e3“compared to spraying leaves with water as an implemented control”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Se-NPs sprays markedly lowered markers of Na+-induced oxidative stress in common bean compared with water-sprayed controls.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Se-NPse2
- Outcome
- markers of Na+ content-induced oxidative stress (superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide)e4
- Direction
- marked loweringe4
- Comparator
- spraying leaves with watere3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
e2“three foliar sprays were applied to plants with Se-NPs at a rate of 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 mM”
e3“compared to spraying leaves with water as an implemented control”
e4“marked lowering in markers of Na+ content-induced oxidative stress (superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide) and their outcomes in terms of ionic leakage and malondialdehyde”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Se-NPs sprays markedly lowered ionic leakage and malondialdehyde in common bean compared with water-sprayed controls.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Se-NPse2
- Outcome
- ionic leakage and malondialdehydee4
- Direction
- marked loweringe4
- Comparator
- spraying leaves with watere3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
e2“three foliar sprays were applied to plants with Se-NPs at a rate of 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 mM”
e3“compared to spraying leaves with water as an implemented control”
e4“marked lowering in markers of Na+ content-induced oxidative stress (superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide) and their outcomes in terms of ionic leakage and malondialdehyde”
Claim · model-written summary
Se-NPs applied at 1.0 mM gave the best results and mitigated the negative effects of soil salinity relative to control results.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Se-NPs applied at 1.0 mMe5
- Outcome
- negative effects of soil salinitye5
- Direction
- mitigatede5
- Comparator
- control resultse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
e5“The best results were recorded with Se-NPs applied at 1.0 mM, which mitigated the negative effects of soil salinity (control results)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend foliar Se-NPs at 1.0 mM for growing common beans on saline soils.
- Taxon
- common beansPhaseolus vulgarise6
- Outcome
- use of Se-NPs at a rate of 1.0 mM as a foliar spraye6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
e6“the use of Se-NPs at a rate of 1.0 mM as a foliar spray to grow common beans on saline soils”
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See all 16 papers →8 of 13 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.