Abstract
L.) is one of the most important vegetable crops in the world because of the nutritional value of its fruits and its economic importance. Calcium (Ca) improves the quality of sweet pepper fruits, and the application of calcite nanoparticles in agricultural practice has a positive effect on the morphological, physiological, and physicochemical properties of the whole plant. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of commercial calcite nanoparticles on yield, chemical, physical, morphological, and multispectral properties of sweet pepper fruits using a combination of conventional and novel image-based nondestructive methods of fruit quality analysis. In the field trial, two sweet pepper cultivars, i.e., Šorokšari and Kurtovska kapija, were treated with commercial calcite nanoparticles (at a concentration of 3% and 5%, calcite-based foliar fertilizer (positive control), and water (negative control) three times during vegetation). Sweet pepper fruits were harvested at the time of technological and physiological maturity. Significant differences were observed between pepper cultivars as well as between harvests times. In general, application of calcite nanoparticles reduced yield and increased fruit firmness. However, different effects of calcite nanoparticles were observed on almost all properties depending on the cultivar. In Šorokšari, calcite nanoparticles and calcite-based foliar fertilizers significantly increased N, P, K, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu at technological maturity, as well as P, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, and N at physiological maturity. However, in Kurtovska kapija, the treatments increased only Ca at technological maturity and only P at physiological maturity. The effect of treatments on fruit morphological properties was observed only at the second harvest. In Šorokšari, calcite nanoparticles (3% and 5%) increased the fruit length, minimal circle area, and minimal circle radius, and it decreased the fruit width and convex hull compared to the positive and negative controls, respectively. In Kurtovska kapija, calcite nanoparticles increased the fruit width and convex hull compared to the controls. At physiological maturity, lower anthocyanin and chlorophyll indices were found in Kurtovska kapija in both treatments with calcite nanoparticles, while in Šorokšari, the opposite effects were observed.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Pepper cultivars and harvest times differed significantly in measured properties.
- Taxon
- Sweet Pepper
Capsicum annuumt0 - Outcome
- Significant differencese0
- Comparator
- pepper cultivarse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant differences were observed between pepper cultivars as well as between harvests times.”
t0“Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcite nanoparticles generally reduced sweet pepper yield.
- Taxon
- Sweet PepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- application of calcite nanoparticlese0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In general, application of calcite nanoparticles reduced yield”
t0“Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcite nanoparticles generally increased sweet pepper fruit firmness.
- Taxon
- Sweet PepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- application of calcite nanoparticlese0
- Outcome
- fruit firmnesse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of calcite nanoparticles reduced yield and increased fruit firmness.”
t0“Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Responses to nanoparticles depended on cultivar for almost all properties.
- Taxon
- Sweet PepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- calcite nanoparticlese0
- Outcome
- effects of calcite nanoparticlese0
- Qualifier
- depending on the cultivare0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“different effects of calcite nanoparticles were observed on almost all properties depending on the cultivar.”
t0“Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
In Šorokšari, the treatments significantly increased N, P and K at technological maturity.
- Taxon
- Sweet PepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Material
- Šorokšarie0
- Organ / stage
- technological maturitye0
- Treatment
- calcite nanoparticles and calcite-based foliar fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- N, P, Ke0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Šorokšari, calcite nanoparticles and calcite-based foliar fertilizers significantly increased N, P, K, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu at technological maturity”
t0“Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
In Šorokšari, the treatments significantly increased Mg, Fe and Zn at technological maturity.
- Taxon
- Sweet PepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Material
- Šorokšarie0
- Organ / stage
- technological maturitye0
- Treatment
- calcite nanoparticles and calcite-based foliar fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- Mg, Fe, Zne0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Šorokšari, calcite nanoparticles and calcite-based foliar fertilizers significantly increased N, P, K, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu at technological maturity”
t0“Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
In Šorokšari, the treatments significantly increased Mn and Cu at technological maturity.
- Taxon
- Sweet PepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Material
- Šorokšarie0
- Organ / stage
- technological maturitye0
- Treatment
- calcite nanoparticles and calcite-based foliar fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- Mn, and Cue0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Šorokšari, calcite nanoparticles and calcite-based foliar fertilizers significantly increased N, P, K, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu at technological maturity”
t0“Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
In Šorokšari, the treatments increased P, Ca and Mg at physiological maturity.
- Taxon
- Sweet PepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Material
- Šorokšarie1
- Organ / stage
- physiological maturitye0
- Treatment
- calcite nanoparticles and calcite-based foliar fertilizerse1
- Outcome
- P, Ca, Mge0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Schema note from the model: Direction carried by preceding clause.
Verbatim
e0“as well as P, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, and N at physiological maturity.”
t1“as well as P, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, and N at physiological maturity.”
e1“In Šorokšari, calcite nanoparticles and calcite-based foliar fertilizers significantly increased N, P, K, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu at technological maturity”
t0“Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
In Kurtovska kapija, treatments increased Ca at technological maturity.
- Taxon
- Sweet PepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Material
- Kurtovska kapijae0
- Organ / stage
- technological maturitye0
- Treatment
- the treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Cae0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in Kurtovska kapija, the treatments increased only Ca at technological maturity”
t0“Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
In Kurtovska kapija, treatments increased P at physiological maturity.
- Taxon
- Sweet PepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Material
- Kurtovska kapijae0
- Organ / stage
- physiological maturitye0
- Treatment
- the treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Pe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in Kurtovska kapija, the treatments increased only Ca at technological maturity and only P at physiological maturity.”
t0“Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment effects on fruit morphology were observed only at the second harvest.
- Taxon
- Sweet PepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Outcome
- effect of treatments on fruit morphological propertiese0
- Qualifier
- only at the second harveste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effect of treatments on fruit morphological properties was observed only at the second harvest.”
t0“Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
In Šorokšari, calcite nanoparticles increased fruit length, minimal circle area and radius.
- Taxon
- Sweet PepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Material
- Šorokšarie0
- Treatment
- calcite nanoparticles (3% and 5%)e0
- Outcome
- fruit length, minimal circle area, and minimal circle radiuse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Šorokšari, calcite nanoparticles (3% and 5%) increased the fruit length, minimal circle area, and minimal circle radius”
t0“Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
In Šorokšari, calcite nanoparticles decreased fruit width and convex hull relative to controls.
- Taxon
- Sweet PepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Material
- Šorokšarie1
- Treatment
- calcite nanoparticles (3% and 5%)e0
- Outcome
- fruit width and convex hulle0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- positive and negative controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“calcite nanoparticles (3% and 5%) increased the fruit length, minimal circle area, and minimal circle radius, and it decreased the fruit width and convex hull compared to the positive and negative controls, respectively.”
t1“calcite nanoparticles (3% and 5%) increased the fruit length, minimal circle area, and minimal circle radius, and it decreased the fruit width and convex hull compared to the positive and negative controls, respectively.”
e1“In Šorokšari, calcite nanoparticles and calcite-based foliar fertilizers significantly increased N, P, K, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu at technological maturity”
t0“Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
In Kurtovska kapija, calcite nanoparticles increased fruit width and convex hull.
- Taxon
- Sweet PepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Material
- Kurtovska kapijae0
- Treatment
- calcite nanoparticlese0
- Outcome
- fruit width and convex hulle0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- the controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Kurtovska kapija, calcite nanoparticles increased the fruit width and convex hull compared to the controls.”
t0“Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At physiological maturity, nanoparticle treatments lowered anthocyanin and chlorophyll indices in Kurtovska kapija.
- Taxon
- Sweet PepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Material
- Kurtovska kapijae0
- Organ / stage
- physiological maturitye0
- Treatment
- both treatments with calcite nanoparticlese0
- Outcome
- anthocyanin and chlorophyll indicese0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At physiological maturity, lower anthocyanin and chlorophyll indices were found in Kurtovska kapija in both treatments with calcite nanoparticles”
t0“Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At physiological maturity, nanoparticle treatments had the opposite effect on these indices in Šorokšari.
- Taxon
- Sweet PepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Material
- Šorokšarie0
- Treatment
- both treatments with calcite nanoparticlese0
- Outcome
- the opposite effectse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in both treatments with calcite nanoparticles, while in Šorokšari, the opposite effects were observed.”
t0“Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)”
The same questions in other papers
nanoparticle · yield · Capsicum annuum (sweet pepper)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →nanoparticle · quality: postharvest · Capsicum annuum (sweet pepper)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.