Abstract
This study determined the heavy metal concentration of soil of Bagong Silang dumpsite and screened the phytoremediation potential of naturally occurring plants in the area. The concentrations of the heavy metals on soil and plant samples were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Soil analysis showed that lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr) exceeded the permissible level accepted by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) regulatory standards for heavy metals in residential and industrial soil. Ipomoea aquatica, Chloris barbata and Cynodon dactylon were the most dominant plant species present in the dumpsite area. In terms of heavy metal uptake in shoots, C. dactylon was the most efficient in accumulating Pb and Cr, while C. barbata and I. aquatica for arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) accumulations, respectively. In terms of heavy metal uptake in roots, I. aquatica was the best in accumulating almost all the heavy metals tested except Pb. Meanwhile, I. aquatica has the capacity of As and Cd phytostabilization (BCF >1) and C. barbata of Cd phytostabilization. In this study, only I. aquatica showed an enrichment factor of greater than 1 (Cd = 1. 17). The findings of the present study showed that the Bagong Silang dumpsite is contaminated with Pb and Cr. The study also revealed that C. dactylon was an efficient translocator of heavy metals in the shoots, while I. aquatica and C. barbata were most efficient in stabilizing heavy metals in the roots. However, supplementary analysis must be done to substantiate the potential of I. aquatica, C. barbata and C. dactylon as phytoremediators of heavy metals.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Lead and chromium in soil exceeded regulatory levels.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr) exceeded the permissible level accepted by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) regulatory standards for heavy metals in residential and industrial soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Ipomoea aquatica, Chloris barbata and Cynodon dactylon were the dominant dumpsite species.
- Taxon
- Ipomoea aquatica
Ipomoea aquaticae0 - Outcome
- most dominant plant speciese0
- Setting
- dumpsite areae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ipomoea aquatica, Chloris barbata and Cynodon dactylon were the most dominant plant species present in the dumpsite area”
Claim · model-written summary
C. dactylon was most efficient at shoot Pb and Cr accumulation.
- Taxon
- C. dactylon
Cynodon dactylone0 - Outcome
- accumulating Pb and Cre0
- Direction
- most efficiente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“C. dactylon was the most efficient in accumulating Pb and Cr”
Claim · model-written summary
C. barbata was most efficient at shoot As accumulation.
- Taxon
- C. barbata
Chloris barbatae0 - Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Outcome
- arsenic (As)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In terms of heavy metal uptake in shoots, C. dactylon was the most efficient in accumulating Pb and Cr, while C. barbata and I. aquatica for arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) accumulations, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
I. aquatica was most efficient at shoot Cd accumulation.
- Taxon
- I. aquaticaIpomoea aquaticae0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Outcome
- cadmium (Cd) accumulationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In terms of heavy metal uptake in shoots, C. dactylon was the most efficient in accumulating Pb and Cr, while C. barbata and I. aquatica for arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) accumulations, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
I. aquatica accumulated almost all tested metals in roots except Pb.
- Taxon
- I. aquaticaIpomoea aquaticae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- accumulating almost all the heavy metals tested except Pbe0
- Direction
- beste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In terms of heavy metal uptake in roots, I. aquatica was the best in accumulating almost all the heavy metals tested except Pb”
Claim · model-written summary
I. aquatica showed As and Cd phytostabilization with BCF above one.
- Taxon
- I. aquaticaIpomoea aquaticae0
- Outcome
- As and Cd phytostabilizatione0
- Value
- BCF >1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“I. aquatica has the capacity of As and Cd phytostabilization (BCF >1)”
Claim · model-written summary
C. barbata showed Cd phytostabilization.
- Taxon
- C. barbataChloris barbatae0
- Outcome
- Cd phytostabilizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“C. barbata of Cd phytostabilization”
Claim · model-written summary
Only I. aquatica had enrichment factor above one, at 1.17 for Cd.
- Taxon
- I. aquaticaIpomoea aquaticae0
- Outcome
- enrichment factore0
- Direction
- greater thane0
- Value
- 1. 17e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only I. aquatica showed an enrichment factor of greater than 1 (Cd = 1. 17)”
Claim · model-written summary
C. dactylon efficiently translocated heavy metals to shoots.
- Taxon
- C. dactylonCynodon dactylone0
- Outcome
- translocator of heavy metals in the shootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“C. dactylon was an efficient translocator of heavy metals in the shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
I. aquatica and C. barbata were most efficient at root metal stabilization.
- Taxon
- I. aquaticaIpomoea aquaticae0
- Outcome
- stabilizing heavy metals in the rootse0
- Direction
- most efficiente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“I. aquatica and C. barbata were most efficient in stabilizing heavy metals in the roots”