Abstract
Determining the critical time for weed removal (CTWR) is essential for the development of an integrated weed management plan. Therefore, field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of two planting patterns (standard and twin-row) with and without PRE-applied herbicides on CTWR in corn. Experiments were laid out in a split-plot arrangement with two main plots: (i) standard row planting (SRP) that is 70 cm wide, and (ii) twin-row planting (TRP) with 50 cm distance between each set of double rows. Each main plot was divided into two sub-plots (with and without PRE herbicides). The sub-sub-plots consisted of seven weed removal timings for PRE herbicides, and tank mixes were utilized (S-metolachlor (1.44 kg a.i. ha−1) + terbutylazine (0.75 kg a.i. ha−1)). The CTWR without PRE herbicides was similar in both the SRP and TRP systems, where it was around the V1 to V2 (16 to 19 d after emergence (DAE)) growth stages. The use of PRE-applied herbicides delayed CTWR in SRP to the V4 to V10 (25 to 58 DAE) stages and up to the V11 (60 DAE) stage in TRP. These results clearly indicate that PRE herbicides are important for protecting corn yields regardless of the planting pattern. In more meteorologically favorable seasons (sufficient heat and precipitation) in both sowing systems, corn plants produce their biological maximum with the fact that over the number of plants per unit area (SRP = 80,000 plants ha−1, TRP = 93,900 plants ha−1) provide higher yields in variants with PRE herbicides, and thus the advantage of the TRP system can be justified.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Without PRE herbicides, the critical time for weed removal in corn was around V1 to V2, similar in standard and twin-row planting.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- CTWRe1
- Value
- V1 to V2e1
- Qualifier
- similar in both the SRP and TRP systemse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Critical Time for Weed Removal in Corn”
e0“Determining the critical time for weed removal (CTWR) is essential for the development of an integrated weed management plan”
e1“The CTWR without PRE herbicides was similar in both the SRP and TRP systems, where it was around the V1 to V2 (16 to 19 d after emergence (DAE)) growth stages”
Claim · model-written summary
PRE-applied herbicides delayed the critical time for weed removal in corn in standard row planting to V4 to V10 (25 to 58 DAE).
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- PRE-applied herbicidese2
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- CTWRe2
- Direction
- delayede2
- Value
- V4 to V10 (25 to 58 DAE)e2
- Qualifier
- in SRPe2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Critical Time for Weed Removal in Corn”
e0“Determining the critical time for weed removal (CTWR) is essential for the development of an integrated weed management plan”
e2“The use of PRE-applied herbicides delayed CTWR in SRP to the V4 to V10 (25 to 58 DAE) stages”
Claim · model-written summary
PRE-applied herbicides delayed the critical time for weed removal in corn in twin-row planting up to V11 (60 DAE).
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- PRE-applied herbicidese2
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- CTWRe2
- Direction
- delayede2
- Value
- V11 (60 DAE)e3
- Qualifier
- in TRPe3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Critical Time for Weed Removal in Corn”
e0“Determining the critical time for weed removal (CTWR) is essential for the development of an integrated weed management plan”
e2“The use of PRE-applied herbicides delayed CTWR in SRP to the V4 to V10 (25 to 58 DAE) stages”
e3“and up to the V11 (60 DAE) stage in TRP”
Claim · model-written summary
PRE herbicides are important for protecting corn yields regardless of the planting pattern.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- PRE herbicidese4
- Outcome
- corn yieldse4
- Direction
- increaseinferrede4
- Qualifier
- regardless of the planting patterne4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Critical Time for Weed Removal in Corn”
e4“These results clearly indicate that PRE herbicides are important for protecting corn yields regardless of the planting pattern”
Claim · model-written summary
In more favorable seasons, corn variants with PRE herbicides gave higher yields.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- PRE herbicidese6
- Outcome
- yieldse6
- Direction
- highere6
- Setting
- more meteorologically favorable seasons (sufficient heat and precipitation)e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Critical Time for Weed Removal in Corn”
e6“provide higher yields in variants with PRE herbicides”
e7“more meteorologically favorable seasons (sufficient heat and precipitation)”
Claim · model-written summary
The advantage of the twin-row planting system in corn can be justified.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- the advantage of the TRP systeme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Critical Time for Weed Removal in Corn”
e1“the advantage of the TRP system can be justified”
The same questions in other papers
herbicide · weed · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
359 papers in the same direction as this paper · 36 in the opposite direction · 10 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- positive
402 papers more in this group
See all 406 papers →herbicide · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
499 papers in the same direction as this paper · 127 in the opposite direction · 24 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- positive
- positive
647 papers more in this group
See all 651 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.