Abstract
The development of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains is a worldwide emerging problem that needs a global solution. Exploring new natural antibiofilm agents is one of the most important alternative therapies in combating bacterial infections. This study aimed at testing the antimicrobial potential of Eucalyptus sideroxylon flowers extract (ESFE) against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans prior to testing the antibiofilm activity against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and C. albicans. ESFE demonstrated antimicrobial activity and promising inhibition activity against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) biofilm formation up to 95.9% (p < 0.05) at a concentration of 0.05 mg/mL and eradicated C. albicans biofilm formation up to 71.2% (p < 0.05) at a concentration of 0.7 mg/mL. LC-MS analysis allowed the tentative identification of eighty-three secondary metabolites: 21 phloroglucinol, 18 terpenes, 16 flavonoids, 7 oleuropeic acid derivatives, 7 ellagic acid derivatives, 6 gallic acid derivatives, 3 phenolic acids, 3 fatty acids and 2 miscellaneous. In conclusion, E. sideroxylon is a rich source of effective constituents that promote its valorization as a promising candidate in the management of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Flower extract inhibited MRSA biofilm formation by up to 95.9% at 0.05 mg/mL.
- Taxon
- methicillin-resistant S. aureuse0
- Treatment
- ESFEe0
- Outcome
- biofilm formatione0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 95.9%e0
- Qualifier
- 0.05 mg/mLe0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“ESFE demonstrated antimicrobial activity and promising inhibition activity against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) biofilm formation up to 95.9% (p < 0.05) at a concentration of 0.05 mg/mL”
Claim · model-written summary
Flower extract eradicated C. albicans biofilm formation by up to 71.2% at 0.7 mg/mL.
- Taxon
- C. albicans
Candida albicanse0 - Treatment
- ESFEe1
- Outcome
- biofilm formatione0
- Direction
- eradicatede0
- Value
- 71.2%e0
- Qualifier
- 0.7 mg/mLe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“eradicated C. albicans biofilm formation up to 71.2% (p < 0.05) at a concentration of 0.7 mg/mL.”
e1“ESFE demonstrated antimicrobial activity”
Claim · model-written summary
LC-MS tentatively identified 83 secondary metabolites in Eucalyptus sideroxylon flowers.
- Taxon
- Eucalyptus sideroxylon
Eucalyptus sideroxylone1 - Organ / stage
- flowerse1
- Outcome
- secondary metabolitese0
- Value
- eighty-threee0
- Qualifier
- tentative identificatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LC-MS analysis allowed the tentative identification of eighty-three secondary metabolites”
e1“Eucalyptus sideroxylon flowers extract”
Claim · model-written summary
The profile contained 21 phloroglucinol compounds.
- Taxon
- Eucalyptus sideroxylonEucalyptus sideroxylone1
- Outcome
- phloroglucinole0
- Value
- 21e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“21 phloroglucinol, 18 terpenes”
e1“Eucalyptus sideroxylon flowers extract”
Claim · model-written summary
The profile contained 18 terpenes.
- Taxon
- Eucalyptus sideroxylonEucalyptus sideroxylone1
- Outcome
- terpenese0
- Value
- 18e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“18 terpenes”
e1“Eucalyptus sideroxylon flowers extract”
Claim · model-written summary
The profile contained 16 flavonoids.
- Taxon
- Eucalyptus sideroxylonEucalyptus sideroxylone1
- Outcome
- flavonoidse0
- Value
- 16e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“16 flavonoids”
e1“Eucalyptus sideroxylon flowers extract”
Claim · model-written summary
The profile contained seven oleuropeic acid derivatives.
- Taxon
- Eucalyptus sideroxylonEucalyptus sideroxylone1
- Outcome
- oleuropeic acid derivativese0
- Value
- 7e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“7 oleuropeic acid derivatives”
e1“Eucalyptus sideroxylon flowers extract”
Claim · model-written summary
The profile contained seven ellagic acid derivatives.
- Taxon
- Eucalyptus sideroxylonEucalyptus sideroxylone1
- Outcome
- ellagic acid derivativese0
- Value
- 7e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“7 ellagic acid derivatives”
e1“Eucalyptus sideroxylon flowers extract”
Claim · model-written summary
The profile contained six gallic acid derivatives.
- Taxon
- Eucalyptus sideroxylonEucalyptus sideroxylone1
- Outcome
- gallic acid derivativese0
- Value
- 6e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“6 gallic acid derivatives”
e1“Eucalyptus sideroxylon flowers extract”
Claim · model-written summary
The profile contained three phenolic acids.
- Taxon
- Eucalyptus sideroxylonEucalyptus sideroxylone1
- Outcome
- phenolic acidse0
- Value
- 3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“3 phenolic acids”
e1“Eucalyptus sideroxylon flowers extract”
Claim · model-written summary
The profile contained three fatty acids.
- Taxon
- Eucalyptus sideroxylonEucalyptus sideroxylone1
- Outcome
- fatty acidse0
- Value
- 3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“3 fatty acids”
e1“Eucalyptus sideroxylon flowers extract”
Claim · model-written summary
The profile contained two miscellaneous metabolites.
- Taxon
- Eucalyptus sideroxylonEucalyptus sideroxylone1
- Outcome
- miscellaneouse0
- Value
- 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“2 miscellaneous”
e1“Eucalyptus sideroxylon flowers extract”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose E. sideroxylon as a candidate for managing multidrug-resistant bacterial infections.
- Taxon
- E. sideroxylonEucalyptus sideroxylone0
- Outcome
- promising candidate in the management of multidrug-resistant bacterial infectionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“E. sideroxylon is a rich source of effective constituents that promote its valorization as a promising candidate in the management of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections.”