Abstract
The bacterial leaf blight (BLB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is one of the most serious rice diseases, causing huge yield losses worldwide. Several technologies and approaches have been opted to reduce the damage; however, these have had limited success. Recently, scientists have been focusing their efforts on developing efficient and environmentally friendly nanobactericides for controlling bacterial diseases in rice fields. In the present study, a scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) were utilized to investigate the mode of actions of ginger EOs on the cell structure of Xoo. The ginger EOs caused the cells to grow abnormally, resulting in an irregular form with hollow layers, whereas the dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) treatment showed a typical rod shape for the Xoo cell. Ginger EOs restricted the growth and production of biofilms by reducing the number of biofilms generated as indicated by CLSM. Due to the instability, poor solubility, and durability of ginger EOs, a nanoemulsions approach was used, and a glasshouse trial was performed to assess their efficacy on BLB disease control. The in vitro antibacterial activity of the developed nanobactericides was promising at different concentration (50–125 µL/mL) tested. The efficacy was concentration-dependent. There was significant antibacterial activity recorded at higher concentrations. A glasshouse trial revealed that developed nanobactericides managed to suppress BLB disease severity effectively. Treatment at a concentration of 125 μL/mL was the best based on the suppression of disease severity index, AUDPC value, disease reduction (DR), and protection index (PI). Furthermore, findings on plant growth, physiological features, and yield parameters were significantly enhanced compared to the positive control treatment. In conclusion, the results indicated that ginger essential oils loaded-nanoemulsions are a promising alternative to synthetic antibiotics in suppressing Xoo growth, regulating the BLB disease, and enhancing rice yield under a glasshouse trial.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Ginger oils distorted Xoo cells relative to DMSO.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- ginger EOse0
- Interactor
- Xooe0pathogen
- Outcome
- Xoo celle0
- Direction
- grow abnormallye0
- Comparator
- dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ginger EOs caused the cells to grow abnormally, resulting in an irregular form with hollow layers, whereas the dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) treatment showed a typical rod shape for the Xoo cell”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Ginger oils restricted Xoo growth and biofilm production.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Ginger EOse0
- Outcome
- growth and production of biofilmse0
- Direction
- restrictede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ginger EOs restricted the growth and production of biofilms by reducing the number of biofilms generated as indicated by CLSM”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoemulsion antibacterial efficacy depended on concentration, with significant activity at higher concentrations.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- higher concentrationse0
- Outcome
- antibacterial activitye0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The efficacy was concentration-dependent. There was significant antibacterial activity recorded at higher concentrations”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoemulsions suppressed rice bacterial leaf blight severity in a glasshouse.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- developed nanobactericidese0
- Interactor
- BLBe0pathogen
- Outcome
- BLB disease severitye0
- Direction
- suppresse0
- Setting
- glasshousee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A glasshouse trial revealed that developed nanobactericides managed to suppress BLB disease severity effectively”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The 125 μL/mL treatment gave the best disease severity suppression and disease reduction indices.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Treatment at a concentration of 125 μL/mLe0
- Outcome
- suppression of disease severity index, AUDPC value, disease reduction (DR)e0
- Direction
- beste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment at a concentration of 125 μL/mL was the best based on the suppression of disease severity index, AUDPC value, disease reduction (DR), and protection index (PI)”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The 125 μL/mL treatment gave the best protection index.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Treatment at a concentration of 125 μL/mLe0
- Outcome
- protection index (PI)e0
- Direction
- beste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment at a concentration of 125 μL/mL was the best based on the suppression of disease severity index, AUDPC value, disease reduction (DR), and protection index (PI)”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant growth, physiology and yield improved significantly against positive control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- plant growth, physiological features, and yield parameterse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- positive control treatmente0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plant growth, physiological features, and yield parameters were significantly enhanced compared to the positive control treatment”
t0“Rice”
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nanoparticle · disease · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
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See all 25 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.