Abstract
Melatonin is an indoleamine small molecular substance that has been shown to play an important role in the growth, development, and stress response of plants. The effects of melatonin on the morphological characteristics, mineral nutrition, nitrogen metabolism, and energy status in alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) under high-nitrate stress were studied. The alfalfa plants were treated with water (CK), 200 mmol L −1 nitrates (HN), or 200 mmol L −1 nitrates + 0.1 mmol L −1 melatonin (HN+MT), and then were sampled for measurements on days 0 and 10, respectively. The results showed that the HN treatment resulted in a decrease in the morphological characteristics (such as shoot height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, and biomass), phosphorus, soluble protein (SP), nitrogen-related enzymes activities and gene relative expression, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and energy charge (EC). It also caused an increase in nitrogen, sodium, potassium, calcium, nitrate-nitrogen ( NO3- -N), ammonium-nitrogen ( NH4+ -N), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and adenosine monophosphate (AMP). However, these parameters were conversely changed in the HN+MT treatment. Besides, these parameters were closely related to each other, and were divided into two principal components. It reveals that melatonin plays an important role in modulating the morphology, mineral nutrition, nitrogen metabolism and energy status, thereby alleviating the adverse effects of high-nitrate stress and improving the growth of alfalfa.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrate decreased alfalfa shoot and leaf morphological traits and biomass.
- Taxon
- alfalfa
Medicago sativae1 - Treatment
- 200 mmol L −1 nitratese2
- Outcome
- shoot height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, and biomasse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Comparator
- water (CK)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that the HN treatment resulted in a decrease in the morphological characteristics (such as shoot height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, and biomass)”
e1“alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.)”
e2“treated with water (CK), 200 mmol L −1 nitrates (HN)”
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrate decreased alfalfa phosphorus and soluble protein.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Treatment
- 200 mmol L −1 nitratese2
- Outcome
- phosphorus, soluble protein (SP)e0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Comparator
- water (CK)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that the HN treatment resulted in a decrease in the morphological characteristics (such as shoot height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, and biomass), phosphorus, soluble protein (SP)”
e1“alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.)”
e2“treated with water (CK), 200 mmol L −1 nitrates (HN)”
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrate decreased nitrogen-related enzyme activities and gene expression in alfalfa.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Treatment
- 200 mmol L −1 nitratese2
- Outcome
- nitrogen-related enzymes activities and gene relative expressione0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Comparator
- water (CK)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a decrease in the morphological characteristics (such as shoot height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, and biomass), phosphorus, soluble protein (SP), nitrogen-related enzymes activities and gene relative expression”
e1“alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.)”
e2“treated with water (CK), 200 mmol L −1 nitrates (HN)”
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrate decreased ATP and energy charge in alfalfa.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Treatment
- 200 mmol L −1 nitratese2
- Outcome
- adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and energy charge (EC)e0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Comparator
- water (CK)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a decrease in the morphological characteristics (such as shoot height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, and biomass), phosphorus, soluble protein (SP), nitrogen-related enzymes activities and gene relative expression, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and energy charge (EC)”
e1“alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.)”
e2“treated with water (CK), 200 mmol L −1 nitrates (HN)”
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrate increased alfalfa nitrogen, sodium and potassium.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Treatment
- 200 mmol L −1 nitratese2
- Outcome
- nitrogen, sodium, potassiume0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- water (CK)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It also caused an increase in nitrogen, sodium, potassium”
e1“alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.)”
e2“treated with water (CK), 200 mmol L −1 nitrates (HN)”
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrate increased alfalfa calcium, nitrate-nitrogen and ammonium-nitrogen.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Treatment
- 200 mmol L −1 nitratese2
- Outcome
- calcium, nitrate-nitrogen ( NO3- -N), ammonium-nitrogen ( NH4+ -N)e0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- water (CK)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It also caused an increase in nitrogen, sodium, potassium, calcium, nitrate-nitrogen ( NO3- -N), ammonium-nitrogen ( NH4+ -N)”
e1“alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.)”
e2“treated with water (CK), 200 mmol L −1 nitrates (HN)”
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrate increased ADP and AMP in alfalfa.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Treatment
- 200 mmol L −1 nitratese2
- Outcome
- adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and adenosine monophosphate (AMP)e0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- water (CK)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It also caused an increase in nitrogen, sodium, potassium, calcium, nitrate-nitrogen ( NO3- -N), ammonium-nitrogen ( NH4+ -N), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and adenosine monophosphate (AMP)”
e1“alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.)”
e2“treated with water (CK), 200 mmol L −1 nitrates (HN)”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding melatonin under high nitrate reversed the changes in morphological traits, phosphorus, soluble protein, nitrogen enzymes, gene expression, ATP and energy charge.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Treatment
- 200 mmol L −1 nitrates + 0.1 mmol L −1 melatonine2
- Outcome
- morphological characteristics (such as shoot height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, and biomass), phosphorus, soluble protein (SP), nitrogen-related enzymes activities and gene relative expression, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and energy charge (EC)e3
- Direction
- conversely changede0
- Comparator
- 200 mmol L −1 nitrates (HN)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, these parameters were conversely changed in the HN+MT treatment”
e1“alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.)”
e2“200 mmol L −1 nitrates (HN), or 200 mmol L −1 nitrates + 0.1 mmol L −1 melatonin (HN+MT)”
e3“a decrease in the morphological characteristics (such as shoot height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, and biomass), phosphorus, soluble protein (SP), nitrogen-related enzymes activities and gene relative expression, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and energy charge (EC)”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding melatonin under high nitrate reversed the increases in mineral nitrogen and cations, ADP and AMP.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Treatment
- 200 mmol L −1 nitrates + 0.1 mmol L −1 melatonine2
- Outcome
- nitrogen, sodium, potassium, calcium, nitrate-nitrogen ( NO3- -N), ammonium-nitrogen ( NH4+ -N), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and adenosine monophosphate (AMP)e3
- Direction
- conversely changede0
- Comparator
- 200 mmol L −1 nitrates (HN)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, these parameters were conversely changed in the HN+MT treatment”
e1“alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.)”
e2“200 mmol L −1 nitrates (HN), or 200 mmol L −1 nitrates + 0.1 mmol L −1 melatonin (HN+MT)”
e3“nitrogen, sodium, potassium, calcium, nitrate-nitrogen ( NO3- -N), ammonium-nitrogen ( NH4+ -N), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and adenosine monophosphate (AMP)”
Claim · model-written summary
The measured alfalfa morphology, mineral nutrition, nitrogen metabolism and energy parameters were closely related and formed two principal components.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Treatment
- mineral nutritione2
- Outcome
- these parameterse0
- Qualifier
- two principal componentse0
Not reportedOrgan / stageDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these parameters were closely related to each other, and were divided into two principal components”
e1“alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.)”
e2“morphology, mineral nutrition, nitrogen metabolism and energy status”
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