Abstract
Abstract The worldwide loss of date palm ( Phoenix dactylifera L.) productivity is due to the infestation of the red pest weevil (RPW). The pest makes tunnels in the tree trunk and could be followed by secondary microbial infections causing oozing of fluid with a distinct fermentation odor. This study aimed at isolation and identification of secondary invader bacteria associated with the RPW and confirmation of their potential destructive effect on the tree. Four bacterial isolates were recovered from the infested date palm tissues, and they were identified based on phenotypic characteristics using the VITEK2 system. Three out of the four isolates were identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and one isolate was identified as Burkholderia cepacia . All isolates caused rot of date palm germinated seeds (up to 40%), and wilt and root rot of date palm seedlings (40–100%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa (isolate No. 3) was the most aggressive isolate that involved 40% mortality and caused 100% of root rot incidence in date palm seedlings. Burkholderia cepacia showed the lowest degree of rot on the germinated seeds, percentage mortality, percentage root rot incidence of date palm seedlings. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (isolate No. 1) and B. cepacia caused a high loss in the weight of date palm petioles tissues (about 10%). The study threw light on the detrimental effects of secondary invader microbes associated with the RPW infestation. The study recommended an application of an integrated management program containing both antibacterial and insecticidal preparation in the management of the RPW to avoid a further negative effect on the palm trees.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Four bacterial isolates were recovered from red pest weevil-infested date palm tissues.
- Taxon
- date palm
Phoenix dactyliferae0 - Organ / stage
- infested date palm tissuese0
- Interactor
- bacterial isolatese0pathogen
- Outcome
- Four bacterial isolates were recoverede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Four bacterial isolates were recovered from the infested date palm tissues”
Claim · model-written summary
Three of the four isolates were identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
- Taxon
- date palmPhoenix dactyliferae0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pseudomonas aeruginosae1pathogen - Outcome
- Three out of the four isolates were identifiede1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Four bacterial isolates were recovered from the infested date palm tissues”
e1“Three out of the four isolates were identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa”
Claim · model-written summary
One isolate was identified as Burkholderia cepacia.
- Taxon
- date palmPhoenix dactyliferae0
- Interactor
- Burkholderia cepacia
Burkholderia cepaciae1pathogen - Outcome
- one isolate was identifiede1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Four bacterial isolates were recovered from the infested date palm tissues”
e1“one isolate was identified as Burkholderia cepacia”
Claim · model-written summary
All isolates caused rot of germinated date palm seeds, up to 40%.
- Taxon
- date palmPhoenix dactyliferae1
- Treatment
- All isolatese1
- Interactor
- bacterial isolatese0pathogen
- Outcome
- rot of date palm germinated seedse1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
- Value
- up to 40%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Four bacterial isolates were recovered from the infested date palm tissues”
e1“All isolates caused rot of date palm germinated seeds (up to 40%)”
Claim · model-written summary
All isolates caused wilt and root rot of date palm seedlings, 40-100%.
- Taxon
- date palmPhoenix dactyliferae1
- Treatment
- All isolatese1
- Interactor
- bacterial isolatese0pathogen
- Outcome
- wilt and root rot of date palm seedlingse1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
- Value
- 40–100%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Four bacterial isolates were recovered from the infested date palm tissues”
e1“All isolates caused rot of date palm germinated seeds (up to 40%), and wilt and root rot of date palm seedlings (40–100%)”
Claim · model-written summary
P. aeruginosa isolate No. 3 was the most aggressive isolate, causing 40% mortality of date palm seedlings.
- Taxon
- date palmPhoenix dactyliferae0
- Treatment
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa (isolate No. 3)e0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas aeruginosaPseudomonas aeruginosae0pathogen
- Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Direction
- most aggressivee0
- Value
- 40%e0
- Setting
- seedlingse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pseudomonas aeruginosa (isolate No. 3) was the most aggressive isolate that involved 40% mortality and caused 100% of root rot incidence in date palm seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
P. aeruginosa isolate No. 3 caused 100% root rot incidence in date palm seedlings.
- Taxon
- date palmPhoenix dactyliferae0
- Treatment
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa (isolate No. 3)e0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas aeruginosaPseudomonas aeruginosae0pathogen
- Outcome
- root rot incidencee0
- Direction
- most aggressivee0
- Value
- 100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pseudomonas aeruginosa (isolate No. 3) was the most aggressive isolate that involved 40% mortality and caused 100% of root rot incidence in date palm seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Burkholderia cepacia showed the lowest degree of seed rot, mortality and root rot incidence in date palm seedlings.
- Taxon
- date palmPhoenix dactyliferae0
- Treatment
- Burkholderia cepaciae0
- Interactor
- Burkholderia cepaciaBurkholderia cepaciae0pathogen
- Outcome
- rot on the germinated seeds, percentage mortality, percentage root rot incidencee0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Burkholderia cepacia showed the lowest degree of rot on the germinated seeds, percentage mortality, percentage root rot incidence of date palm seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
P. aeruginosa isolate No. 1 and B. cepacia caused a high loss in weight of date palm petiole tissues, about 10%.
- Taxon
- date palmPhoenix dactyliferae0
- Treatment
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa (isolate No. 1) and B. cepaciae0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas aeruginosaPseudomonas aeruginosae0pathogen
- Second interactor
- B. cepaciaBurkholderia cepaciae0pathogen
- Outcome
- loss in the weight of date palm petioles tissuese0
- Direction
- high losse0
- Value
- about 10%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pseudomonas aeruginosa (isolate No. 1) and B. cepacia caused a high loss in the weight of date palm petioles tissues (about 10%)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend an integrated management program with both antibacterial and insecticidal preparations against the red pest weevil to avoid further negative effects on the palm trees.
Verbatim
e0“The study recommended an application of an integrated management program containing both antibacterial and insecticidal preparation in the management of the RPW to avoid a further negative effect on the palm trees”